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Volume 91, Issue 1, Pages 244-251 (January 2017)
Albuminuria changes are associated with subsequent risk of end-stage renal disease and mortality Juan Jesús Carrero, Morgan E. Grams, Yingying Sang, Johan Ärnlöv, Alessandro Gasparini, Kunihiro Matsushita, Abdul R. Qureshi, Marie Evans, Peter Barany, Bengt Lindholm, Shoshana H. Ballew, Andrew S. Levey, Ron T. Gansevoort, Carl G. Elinder, Josef Coresh Kidney International Volume 91, Issue 1, Pages (January 2017) DOI: /j.kint Copyright © 2016 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions
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Figure 1 (a) Distribution of 2-year albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) fold changes and (b) adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and (c) mortality associated with a 2-year fold change in ACR. Adjusted for baseline (log) ACR, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (knot at 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2), age, sex, total cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and history of cardiovascular disease. Filled circles denote statistical significance (P < 0.05) compared with the reference (diamond) at stable ACR (1-fold change). Gray area represents 95% confidence intervals. Kidney International , DOI: ( /j.kint ) Copyright © 2016 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions
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Figure 2 (a,b) Distribution of 2-year albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) fold changes and (c,d) adjusted hazard ratio of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and (e,f) mortality associated with a 2-year fold change in ACR stratified by the presence of diabetes mellitus. Adjusted for baseline (log) ACR, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (knot at 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2), age, sex, total cholesterol, hypertension, and history of cardiovascular disease. Median ACR (interquartile range) was 19 mg/g (7–106) in nondiabetics and 16 mg/g (7–60) in diabetics. Filled circles denote statistical significance (P < 0.05) compared with the reference (diamond) at stable ACR (1-fold change). Gray area represents 95% confidence intervals. P value for the product diabetes × ACR fold change >0.1. Kidney International , DOI: ( /j.kint ) Copyright © 2016 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions
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Figure 3 Forest plots of (a) 4-fold decrease and (b) 4-fold increase in albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) during a 2-year period and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) risk, overall and in subgroups. NA indicates that there were no ESRD events in persons with ACR <30 mg/g and a ≥4-fold decrease in ACR during the 2-year period. Not using renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors (RAAS-I) indicates participants were not taking a RAAS-I at the start or end of the 2-year baseline period. Using RAAS-I indicates participants were taking a RAAS-I at the start and end of the 2-year baseline period. Starting or stopping RAAS-I indicates that participants had a change in RAAS-I use from the start to the end of the 2-year baseline period. CI, confidence interval; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate. Kidney International , DOI: ( /j.kint ) Copyright © 2016 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions
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