1. Phylum Chordata Includes the well known vertebrates:
(fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals)

2. What Is A Chordate?
4 characteristics present at some stage of life
A dorsal, hollow nerve cord (called spinal cord in vertebrates)
Notochord – a supporting rod (develops into a backbone in vertebrates)
Pharyngeal pouches
Tail that extends beyond the anus
The hollow nerve cord runs along the back part of the body and has nerves branching from it at regular intervals, connected to internal organs, muscles, & sense organs. The notochord is a long supporting rod running through the body just below the nerve cord. Most chordates have a notochord only when they are embryos. Pharyngeal pouches are paired structures in the throat region that develop into gills in some chordates. At some point in their lives, all chordates have a tail extending beyond the anus, which may contain bone and muscle.

3. General Chordate Structure
Notochord
Hollow Nerve Cord
Muscle Segments
Tail
Anus
Mouth
Pharyngeal Pouches

4. Nonvertebrate Chordates
Tunicates - look nothing like other chordates
The larval form has all the chordate characteristics
The adult tunicates have neither a notochord nor a tail
Lancelets are more fishlike and have a definite head containing a mouth

5. Fish Classes: Agnatha – jawless fish Chondrichthyes – cartilaginous fish Osteichthyes – bony fish

6. Characteristics Integumentary Skeletal/ Muscular Circulation
Scales & paired fins
Skeletal/ Muscular
Endoskeleton - made of cartilage or bone
Circulation
2-chambered heart; closed-single loop circulation

7. Characteristics Reproductive Nervous Respiratory Internal or external;
Oviparous, Ovoviviparous, Viviparous
Eggs house outside the mothers body
Born alive after developing eggs inside of mother’s body
Bear live young that are nourished by mother
Nervous
Brain, lateral lines
Respiratory
Gills

8. Characteristics Digestive Excretory
Variety in types of feeding; complete digestive system
Excretory
Remove ammonia from gills & kidneys

9. Characteristics Body Temperature Habitat
Ectothermic: Cold blooded; regulates it’s body temperature by exchanging heat with it’s surroundings
Habitat
Marine & Fresh Water

10. Groups of fish
Fish are the first vertebrates to evolve
Jawless Fish – have not true teeth or jaws; ex: lampreys & hagfish, parasitic

11. Cartilage Fish – skeleton made of cartilage; ex: sharks, rays, skates

12. Bony Fish – skeleton made of hard, calcified tissue  bone; ex: perch, goldfish

13. Bony Fish Structures Dorsal Fins Eye Lateral line Mouth Caudal fin
Operculum
Anal fin
Pectoral fin
Pelvic fin

14. Swim Bladder
Spinal Cord
Reproductive
organ
Brain
Gills
Heart
Liver
Intestine
Gallbladder
Stomach
Anus

15. Ticket Out On a piece of paper, answer the following:
What is the purpose of the swim bladder?
What is the difference between bony fish and cartilaginous fish?
What is the difference between: Oviparous, Ovoviviparous, Viviparous