1. Biomass

2. Biomass Opportunities Significant growth opportunity Industrial wood waste Industrial mill residues Forest residues

3. Biomass Fuel Boiler fuel – direct firing with wood Co-fire with coal Wood pellets Gasification with pyrolysis Torrefaction – still in development Cellulosic ethanol – still in development Gasification with plasma – still in development

4. Forest Residues Small trees, limbs and tops are reduced with a drum chipper or grinder depending on the operation Grinders are needed if the material is too contaminated for a chipper Grinders can use carbide bits for contaminated material or sharp bits for clean material

6. Industrial Mill Residues Bark, chip rejects, sawdust, slabs and end-cuts, shavings, rejected lumber Clean sawdust often has a higher value as pellet fuel than boiler fuel Bark may also have a higher value as landscape cover More mills are selling these higher value products and using lower value forest residues for boiler fuel

7. Urban Wood Residues Wood pallets, wood crates, furniture, cabinets, yard and tree trimmings C&D materials are often taken to a recycling center for separation The wood separation is reduced for fuel with a grinder

8. Direct Combustion Used for combustion of solid fuel Pile systems Suspension Combustion Systems Fluidized bed combustion Systems

9. Typical Biomass Burner

10. Boiler Fuel Requirements Consistent size Overs can plug conveyers and hoppers Common specification is three inch minus for 90% of product Minimize dirt Minimize fines (most boilers)

11. Direct Combustion Biomass Energy Plant

12. Direct Combustion Biomass plant

13. Co-fired Coal & Biomass Energy Plant in England

14. Slash burning Still a common practice in many areas Burning bans becoming more common

15. No longer accepted!

16. Wood Pellets Standard grades are used in large industrial boilers or coal plants and can contain ash Premium grades need to be low ash which means debarked wood Premium pellets are mostly bagged and sold through retailers Pellet feedstock typically comes from sawdust however with increased demand pulpwood logs are being used

17. Wood Pellets

18. Home wood pellet stoves

19. Pellets made from different feedstocks

20. Gasification Thermo chemical gasification uses heat to decompose the woody feedstock under oxygen-limiting conditions Gasification removes ash including most alkali metals The gaseous form has a wider range of energy applications vs. solid fuel

21. Biomass Gasification Plant

22. Biofuels production plant

23. Biomass Markets Some loggers will expand into biomass Trucking efficiency will be a key to profitability

24. Transportation Cost Number one cost

25. Every other load is water at 50% moisture content

26. Drying the Forest Residuals Will increase the wood heating value

27. Transportation Cost Some loggers will expand into biomass Trucking efficiency will be a key to profitability

28. Peterson Benefits Biomass market High production Consistent product size Minimum fines High density with sharp bits and slower rotor speeds