1. Measuring Innovation in Education and Training Innovation in Services
Brainstorming session
Paris, 11 June 2009

2. Innovation in Services
Services are now the largest sector in OECD economies
Innovation in services may differ from innovation in manufacturing:
In manufacturing: accumulation of capabilities: Knowledge stocks and flows
In Services: Knowledge flows
Innovation in services tend to be:
The creation of new knowledge or information
New ways of organising internal operations
New ways of handling things or people

3. Innovation in Services
Characteristics of innovation in services:
Close relationship between client and service supplier
Solutions tend to be more taylor-made than standardised
Innovation output is often intangible (quality vs productivity improvement)

4. Measuring Innovation in Services
Indicators and methods for valuing innovation in manufacturing may only be partially applicable for business services:
R&D investment (no formalised R&D depts)
Employees in R&D
Patents (intangible outputs)
Can indicators from CIS measure Innovation in Services?
Partially. Some indicators may be more used, but they are not sufficient

5. The Service Sector Innovation Index
Use of “enabler” factors: framework conditions
Use of R&D and non-R&D indicators specific to services
No use of Throughputs, e.g. Patents
Use of Output indicators:
Innovators: % of SMEs introducing organisational and marketing innovations, employment in K-intensive services, etc
Economic effects: Sales

6. Results are different
EIS classification: Switzerland, Sweden, Finland, Germany, Denmark, UK,…
Service innovation index: Luxembourg, Greece, Germany, Austria, Estonia, Cyprus, Ireland, Sweden,…

7. Lessons for innovation in education
Which framework conditions are relevant for innovations in education?
Which indicators of EIS are relevant for education?
Inputs: Innovation expenditure
Throughputs: Patents?
Outputs:
Innovation outputs: Quality? Satisfaction?
Effects: learning outcomes?