1. Assembly Programming using MIPS R3000 CPU
What is MIPS R3000 Processor?
A 32-bit RISC CPU developed by MIPS Technologies Inc.,
R3000 CPU Chip
Manufactured by IDT
Used for high-performance desktops such as workstations
Many venders manufacture the chip (NEC, IDT, Toshiba)
R3000/001

2. Assembly Programming using MIPS R3000 CPU
The process of assembly programming
We start from here!
SPIM Simulator
does these for us
R3000/002

3. CS 286 Computer Architecture & Organization
Execution of a simple C/C++ statement by assembly instructions
C/C++ statement
Assembly instructions
LW $S1, (address of B)
A = B + C;
LW $S2, (address of C)
ADD $S3, $S2, $S1
Processor
Memory
SW $S3, (address of A)
ALU
(Arithmetic Logic
Unit) B C A
LW (Load Word) +
B+C
LW (Load Word) S1 S2 S3 B C
SW (Store Word)
Processor
Registers
R3000/002

4. Assembly Programming using MIPS R3000 CPU
Example of assembly program for MIPS R3000
Comment field
start: lw $s3, 0($s1) # Load s3 register
add $t1, $s3, $s3 # Register t1 = s3 * 2
add $t1, $t1, $t1 # t1 = t1 *2
sw $t1, 0($s1) # Save t1 register
Label field
Assembly instruction field
R3000/004

5. Assembly Programming using MIPS R3000 CPU
Available registers in MIPS R3000
MIPS R3000 CPU has 32 registers
We will use only some of the 32 registers
Name
Usage
$zero
$v0~$v1
$a0~$a3
$t0~$t7
$s0~$s7
$t8~$t9
$gp
$sp
$fp
$ra
Constant zero
Value
Argument
Temporary
Saved
Extra Temporary
Global Pointer
Stack Pointer
Frame Pointer
Return Address
R3000/005

6. Assembly Programming using MIPS R3000 CPU
Major existing instructions for R3000 processor
 Memory access instructions (“load” and “store”)
 Integer arithmetic instructions (+, -, etc.)
 Logic operation instructions (AND, OR, XOR, and NOT)
 Branch instructions
(a) Conditional branch instructions (BEQ, BNE, etc)
(b) Unconditional branch instructions (“jump”)
(c) Sub-routine call instructions
 Floating-point fraction arithmetic instruction
 Processor-control instructions
Example: “halt”, “disable interrupts”, etc.
R3000/006

7. Assembly Programming using MIPS R3000 CPU
Basic assembly instructions of MIPS R3000
Examples
These are the instructions for our project
R3000/EXTRA-1

8. Assembly Programming using MIPS R3000 CPU
Available registers in MIPS R3000
R3000/EXTRA-2

9. Assembly Programming using MIPS R3000 CPU
The formats of R3000 assembly instructions
We need to know only these information
R3000/EXTRA-3