1. Blood: An Overview
Ch. 10a

2. Challenge Problem Complete the CSA 1/2 Get computer
Use the tiny URL to complete an introduction on blood

3. Intro to Blood Get your computer number from me
Use a computer to complete the Google Form in this address
TO SAVE YOUR WORK**
Click ‘Send me a copy of my responses’
Submit
You will be able to copy/paste your answers on Friday

4. Blood The only fluid tissue in the human body
Classified as a connective tissue w/ 2 parts:
Formed Elements = Living Cells within the blood (45% of blood volume)
Plasma = Non-Living matrix, “liquid” part of blood (55% of blood volume)
Slide 10.1a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

5. Blood
Figure 10.1
Slide 10.1b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

7. What are the physical characteristics of blood?

8. Physical Characteristics of Blood
Blood Color range
Oxygen-rich blood is scarlet red
Oxygen-poor blood is dull red
Blood is NEVER blue!
pH must remain between 7.35–7.45
Blood temperature is slightly higher than body temperature
Slide 10.2
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

9. Which drop o blood is oxygen rich?1 2

10. Quick Quiz
What color is oxygen poor blood?

11. Blood: Plasma Components

12. Blood Plasma: The liquid part
Composed of approximately 90 percent water
Includes many dissolved substances
Nutrients
Salts (metal ions)
Respiratory gases
Hormones
Proteins
Waste products
Slide 10.3
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

13. Challenge Problem 10/12
1. With a pH of , blood is slightly acidic/basic. Choose one
2. The liquid portion of blood is called____
3. Some of the substances found in the liquid portion of blood are
4. If someone were losing blood and could not transport oxygen efficiently, what might result?

14. Plasma Proteins Albumin – regulates osmotic pressure
Clotting proteins – help to stem blood loss when a blood vessel is injured
Antibodies – help protect the body from antigens
Slide 10.4
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

15. Quick Quiz Name one of the plasma proteins and its function.
Why do ambulance drivers/ EMT rely so heavily on blood plasma and IV fluids?
When would they need to use them?

16. Blood: Formed Elements

17. Formed Elements Erythrocytes = red blood cells
Leukocytes = white blood cells
Platelets = cell fragments
Slide 10.5a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

18. Slide 10.5b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

19. Slide 10.5c
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

20. Erythrocytes

21. Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)
The main function is to carry oxygen
Anatomy of circulating erythrocytes
Biconcave disks
Essentially bags of hemoglobin
Anucleate (no nucleus)
Contain very few organelles
Outnumber white blood cells 1000:1
Slide 10.6
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

22. Hemoglobin Found within Red Blood Cells
Gives bright red color when oxygen is present
Iron-containing protein
Binds strongly, but reversibly, to oxygen
Each hemoglobin molecule has four oxygen binding sites
Each erythrocyte has 250 million hemoglobin molecules
Slide 10.7

23. I need a Blood

24. Quick Quiz Identify the function of hemoglobin?
Carbon Monoxide (found in car exhaust and during a fire) binds to hemoglobin 210 times stronger than oxygen. Why is that scary?

25. Leukocytes

26. Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
Crucial in the body’s defense against disease
These are complete cells, with a nucleus and organelles
Able to move into and out of blood vessels (diapedesis)
Can move by ameboid motion
Can respond to chemicals released by damaged tissues
Slide 10.8
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

27. Leukocyte Levels in the Blood
Normal levels are between 4,000 and 11,000 cells per mm3
Abnormal leukocyte levels
Leukocytosis
Abnormally high leukocyte level
Generally indicates an infection
Leukopenia
Abnormally low leukocyte level
Commonly caused by certain drugs
Slide 10.9
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

28. Types of Leukocytes Granulocytes
Granules in their cytoplasm can be stained
Include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
Figure 10.4
Slide 10.10a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

29. Granulocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils
Multilobed nucleus with fine granules
Act as phagocytes at active sites of infection
Eosinophils
Large brick-red cytoplasmic granules
Found in repsonse to allergies and parasitic worms
Slide 10.11a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

30. Granulocytes Basophils Have histamine-containing granules
Initiate inflammation
Slide 10.11b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

31. Types of Leukocytes Agranulocytes Lack visible cytoplasmic granules
Include lymphocytes and monocytes
Figure 10.4
Slide 10.10b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

32. Agranulocytes Lymphocytes Monocytes Nucleus fills most of the cell
Play an important role in the immune response
Monocytes
Largest of the white blood cells
Function as macrophages
Important in fighting chronic infection
Slide 10.12
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

33. Quick Quiz How do Leukocytes function?
Someone asked last period about a drug that decreases the number of white blood cells.
Use your phones to find out the name of a drug that reduces the number of white blood cells and when it would be used.

34. BrainPop- blood
-1 Use the plastic covered sheet and a dry erase marker to answer the questions on the BrainPop quiz
-2 watch vid
-3 fix answers after taking quiz

35. Get a book- 5 min Using your book, find out what platelets are made of
Also find out if there is a disease or diseases that involve a platelet deficiency.

36. Challenge Problem
1. See if you can say what leukocytes do for humans in 4 words.
2. If you traveled to an equatorial country and came home with a filarial worm infection, what cells would be working hard?

37. Platelets

38. Platelets Derived from ruptured multinucleate cells (megakaryocytes)
Parts of broken down cells
Needed for the clotting process
Normal platelet count = 300,000/mm3
Slide 10.13
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

39. Quick Quiz What are platelets made of?
If you were a hematologist (blood doctor) when would you talk to your patients about platelets?
Which disease would they likely have?

40. How is blood formed?

41. Blood Cell Formation Hematopoiesis Blood cell formation
Occurs in red bone marrow
All blood cells are derived from a common stem cell (hemocytoblast)
Hemocytoblast differentiation
Lymphoid stem cell produces lymphocytes
Myeloid stem cell produces other formed elements
Slide 10.14

42. Erythrocytes

43. Fate of Erythrocytes Unable to divide, grow, or synthesize proteins
Wear out in 100 to 120 days
When worn out, are eliminated by phagocytes in the spleen or liver
Lost cells are replaced by division of hemocytoblasts
Slide 10.15
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

44. Control of Erythrocyte Production
Rate is controlled by a hormone (erythropoietin)
Kidneys produce most erythropoietin as a response to reduced oxygen levels in the blood
Homeostasis is maintained by negative feedback from blood oxygen levels
Slide 10.16
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

45. Control of Erythrocyte Production
Figure 10.5
Slide 10.17
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

46. Quick Quiz
Where are blood cells made?
What is a hemocytoblast?