1. Objective: To examine how the first humans migrated to America, the purpose of archaeology, and the culture of the Mound Builders.

2. Barne Glacier, Antarctica
The First Americans
• Approximately 30,000 years ago the earth experienced an Ice Age.
• Ice Age – a period of time in which temperatures on earth were very cold, and North America was covered in glaciers.
• Glaciers – large, slow moving sheets of ice
Barne Glacier, Antarctica

3. - As the oceans froze, the ocean floor became uncovered and dry.
- The first humans in North America crossed the land bridge.
Land bridge (Berengia) – an area of land which humans crossed during the Ice Age on their way to North America from Asia.

5. Archaeology - the study of evidence left by early peoples
Artifact – object made by humans and used by archaeologists to recreate a picture of the past.
Cahokia Point. Triple Notch. L: 1.25" Cahokia Mounds Madison Co., IL.
Cahokia Point. Serrated Edge. L: 1.75" Cahokia Mounds Madison Co., IL.
Cahokia Point. Double Notch. L: 2" Cahokia Mounds Madison Co., IL.
Bone Point. L: 1.5" Cahokia Mounds Madison Co., IL.
Flint Shark Tooth Point. L: 1" Cahokia Mounds Madison Co., IL.

6. The Missouri Heron Pipe. H: 5. 25" Made from red to brown banded slate
The Missouri Heron Pipe. H: 5.25" Made from red to brown banded slate. This well-known bird pipe was discovered in 1858 by a farmer named Amos Weiling while removing a tree stump on a farm in Mew Madrid County, Missouri. The heron is a common sight along the waterways in central and southern Missouri.
The Dr. Bunch Frog Pipe. L: 8.25". Made from fine green sandstone. This famous pipe was found in 1878 in a low mound on a river bluff near what is nows Bluffton, Yell County, Arkansas.

7. Mound Builders
The Mound Builders, including the Hopewell and Mississippian peoples, lived from about 3,000 years ago to the 1700’s.
Early mounds were burial grounds for important leaders.
Miamisburg,OH
Adena people

9. Great Serpent Mound, Ohio

10. The Mississippian people built the city of Cahokia in present-day Illinois.

11. The largest mound of Cahokia was Monk’s Mound, which covered around 16 acres.

12. The fence build around the city served as a calendar.
The posts of the fence were viewed from the top of Monk’s Mound.
- shorter shadows meant the coming of spring
- longer shadows meant the coming of autumn
* This system allowed farmers to know which crops should be planted.

13. "Community Life" By Michael Hampshire Courtesy of Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site Collinsville, Illinois