1. Warm Up Where in the respiratory system does gas exchange take place?
What is Pulmonary Ventilation?
What are the 4 “events of respiration”?

2. Respiratory Physiology II
Ch. 13c

3. Events of Respiration Pulmonary Ventilation External Respiration
Respiratory Gas Transport
Internal Respiration

4. External Respiration Oxygen movement into the blood
The alveoli always has more oxygen than the blood
Oxygen moves by diffusion towards the area of lower concentration
Pulmonary capillary blood gains oxygen
Slide 13.32a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

5. External Respiration Carbon dioxide movement out of the blood
Blood returning from tissues has higher concentrations of carbon dioxide than air in the alveoli
Carbon Dioxide diffuses out of pulmonary capillary blood in to the alveoli to be released from the lungs
Blood leaving the lungs is oxygen-rich and carbon dioxide-poor
Slide 13.32b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

6. Challenge Problem Good afternoon! Please take out 13c notes:
What respiratory disorder did you research on Friday?
What part of the respiratory system was affected by the disorder?
Why is it so dangerous to fall asleep with the gas on?

7. Gas Transport in the Blood
Oxygen transport in the blood
Inside red blood cells attached to hemoglobin (oxyhemoglobin [HbO2])
A small amount is carried dissolved in the plasma
Slide 13.33a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

8. Gas Transport in the Blood
Carbon dioxide transport in the blood
Most is transported in the plasma as bicarbonate ion (HCO3–)
A small amount is carried inside red blood cells on hemoglobin, but at different binding sites than those of oxygen
Slide 13.33b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

9. Internal Respiration Exchange of gases between blood and body cells
An opposite exchange to what occurs in the lungs
Carbon dioxide diffuses out of tissue to blood
Oxygen diffuses from blood into tissue
Slide 13.34a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

10. Internal Respiration Slide 13.34b Figure 13.11
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

11. External Respiration, Gas Transport, and Internal Respiration Summary
Figure 13.10
Slide 13.35
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

12. Quick Quiz What is occurring during External Respiration?
Describe where Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide are coming from and going to
What is occurring during Internal Respiration?

13. Neural Regulation of Respiration
Activity of respiratory muscles is transmitted to the brain by the phrenic and intercostal nerves
Neural centers that control rate and depth are located in the medulla
The pons appears to smooth out respiratory rate
Normal respiratory rate (eupnea) is 12–15 respirations per minute
Hypernia is increased respiratory rate often due to extra oxygen needs
Slide 13.36
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

14. Neural Regulation of Respiration
Figure 13.12
Slide 13.37
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

15. Challenge Problem Good morning! Please take out 13c notes:
Why do you think grandparents have a harder time breathing?
Why is it so dangerous to fall asleep with the gas on, or to remain in your car with the engine on?

16. Respiratory Rate & Depth
What do you think will happen to your rate and depth of respiration in each of the following situations
Increased Carbon Dioxide in the blood
Decreased Oxygen in the blood

17. Factors Influencing Respiratory Rate and Depth
Physical factors
Increased body temperature
Exercise
Talking
Coughing
Volition (conscious control)
Emotional factors
Slide 13.38
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

18. Factors Influencing Respiratory Rate and Depth
Chemical factors
Carbon dioxide levels
Level of carbon dioxide in the blood is the main regulatory chemical for respiration
Increased carbon dioxide increases respiration
Changes in carbon dioxide act directly on the medulla oblongata
Slide 13.39a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

19. Factors Influencing Respiratory Rate and Depth
Chemical factors (continued)
Oxygen levels
Changes in oxygen concentration in the blood are detected by chemoreceptors in the aorta and carotid artery
Information is sent to the medulla oblongata
Slide 13.39b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

20. Quick Quiz
What is the most important chemical influencing respiratory rate and depth?

21. Aging Effects Elasticity of lungs decreases Vital capacity decreases
Blood oxygen levels decrease
Stimulating effects of carbon dioxide decreases
More risks of respiratory tract infection
Slide 13.48
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

22. Respiratory Disorders
Worksheet
Lung Cancer Article & Crossword

23. Challenge Problem- col
**Fill in the appropriate words** During external respiration ____1____ diffuses into the bloodstream in the air sacs called ____2____ while _____3_____ diffuses out of the blood. 4. If you were in an alveoli, identify the structures you would pass on your way out of the lungs in order (~8 if you are detailed) 5. Write down one fact about the respiratory disease you researched on Friday.

24. Challenge Problem
Fill in the appropriate words During external respiration ____1____ diffuses OUT of the bloodstream to the air sacs called ____2____ while _____3_____ diffuses IN to the blood. 4. Pretend you are a molecule of oxygen. Which structures would you pass on your way down to the alveoli when someone breathed you in? Be specific 5. Write down something from Fridays research

25. Chapter 13 review
Flash cards
Essential Q’s
Kahoot Quiz for cash

26. Quiz Review Make sure your name is on your review stuff
Put writing utensils away
Have out review sheets
Take 10 minutes to quiz each other
Have them ready to go; clipped, stapled

27. When Finished Turn test and answer sheet in to the front basket
Get article ‘Fed Up’, number the paragraphs (15)
Before reading look through to find unfamiliar words, circle them
Read article
Answer T/F Q’s
Do something quietly until all are finished