1. Muscular System

2. I. Muscular System Anatomy
1. Skeletal Muscle
2. Cardiac Muscle
3. Smooth Muscle

3. Skeletal Types of Muscles Attaches to bone Long Cylinders Many nucleus
Striations (stripes)
Voluntary

4. Cardiac Muscle Types of Muscle (cont) Branching cells One Nucleus
Striations (stripes)
Involuntary
Moves blood through heart and blood vessels.

5. Smooth Types of Muscle (cont) One Nucleus No striations Involuntary
Found in walls of hollow organs (bladder, blood vessels, digestive system )

7. Muscular System Physiology
Skeletal Muscles
Produces Movement: by contracting (shortening)
Maintains posture: tiny adjustments constantly being made.
Stabilizes Joints: movements are fluid
Generates Heat – ATP is used and ¾ lost as heat.
Helps protect fragile internal organs

8. B. Skeletal Muscle Structure
Muscle Fibers:
Muscle cells!!
Endomysium: Wraps each muscle fiber

9. Skeletal Muscle structure (cont.)
Perimysium: Wraps several muscle fibers (each wrapped in endomysium)
Fascicle: A bundle of fibers wrapped in perimysium

10. Skeletal Muscle structure (cont.)
Epimysium: Wraps many fascicles
Tendon: The epimysium blends into a tendon that connects the muscle to bone

11. Muscle Actions FLEXION: Decrease the angle of a joint
EXTENSION: Increase the angle of a joint

12. Muscle Actions ABDUCTION: Moving limbs AWAY from midline
ADDUCTION: Moving limbs TOWARD the midline

13. Muscle Actions ROTATION: Moving bone around a long axis
CIRCUMDUCTION: Complete circular motion

14. Muscle Actions
PRONATION: Palm of hand from upward facing to downward facing.
SUPINATION: Palm of hand from downward facing to upward facing.

15. Muscle Actions INVERSION: Sole of foot medial (turn feet in)
EVERSION: Sole of foot lateral (turn feet out)

16. Muscle Actions DORSIFLEXION: Stand on heels, toes up
PLANTAR FLEXION: Stand on toes, toes down (ballet)

17. Muscle Vocabulary ORIGIN: Immovable bone (attachment site)
INSERTION: Movable bone (attachment site)

18. Mighty Muscle Vocabulary
Prime Mover: Muscle with major responsibility for a movement
Antagonist: Muscle that opposes or reverses a movement
Synergist: Muscle that helps a prime mover by producing the same movement.
Fixator: Muscle that stabalizes an origin