1. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Chapter 4
Cell Structure
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Chapter 4

2. Cells – the Reason they are small…
Cell size is limited.
-As cell size increases, it takes longer for material to move from the cell membrane to the interior of the cell and vice versa
*Cells need to have high Surface Area -to- volume ratio

3. Prokaryotic Cells
Structures

4. Prokaryotic Cells Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus.
-genetic material (DNA) is present in the nucleoid region

5. Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic cells possess: -genetic material (DNA) in the nucleoid region -cytoplasm -plasma membrane -cell wall -ribosomes - Flagella (sometimes)

6. Prokaryotic Cells

7. Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic cell walls -protect the cell and maintain cell shape

8. Prokaryotic Cells
Flagella -long, tail-like structure -used for movement

9. Prokaryotic Cells Ribosomes the place where protein is made
Usually found floating in the cytoplasm

10. Eukaryotic Cells
Structures and Functions

11. Organelles All Eukaryotic Cells will have cell organelles
organelles are small structures inside the cell that have a special job
Organelles in Cells:
Lysosomes
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Vacuoles

12. Nucleus- Information HQ
stores the genetic material (DNA) of the cell in the form of chromosomes/chromatin
surrounded by a nuclear membrane
In the center is the nucleolus
The nucleus picks up dark stain so it can be seen under the microscope

13. Nucleus

14. Lysosomes- Digestion
Lysosomes - looks like a bubble - Contain digestive enzymes -break down old cell parts or foreign matter that the cell has “eaten” or engulfed

15. Centrioles
Pairs of tube-like structures
Play a role in cell division

16. Vacuoles - Storage
Vacuoles -membrane-bound structures -vacuoles are used for storage There are different types of vacuoles: -central vacuole in plant cells stores water and other nutrients -contractile vacuole of some protists helps get rid of extra water

17. Mitochondria- Energy Mitochondria - Makes ATP (energy)
-known as the “powerhouse” of the cell
-contain their own DNA

18. Ribosomes
Ribosomes -the place where protein is made in the cell -made of RNA and proteins -found in the cytoplasm and on the Rough ER

19. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)- Transport System
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER) -membranes that look like a maze throughout the cytoplasm -ribosomes on the outside of the membrane gives it a “rough” appearance -makes proteins to send to lysosomes or plasma membrane

20. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum- Transport System
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER) -no ribosomes -functions: -Makes cell membrane parts -stores calcium

21. Rough and Smooth ER- Transport System

22. Golgi Bodies-Delivery System
Golgi Bodies -packages and distributes materials to different parts of the cell -in plants, it makes the cell wall parts

23. Golgi Bodies

24. Mitochondria- Energy

25. Chloroplasts- Energy
Chloroplasts -organelles present in cells of plants -contain chlorophyll, a green pigment, for photosynthesis - produce carbohydrates or food for the plant

26. Chloroplasts- Energy

27. Cytoskeleton- Support System
-network of fibers found in all eukaryotic cells
-supports the shape of the cell
-keeps organelles in fixed locations
-helps move materials within the cell

28. Cell Movement Flagella Long, tail-like
Waves back and forth to move a cell.
Cilia
short, hair-like structures
can be arranged in rows on the surface of a eukaryotic cell to move a cell forward.

29. Other Structures Cell walls
surround the cells of plants, fungi, and some protists
They help protect and
Support the cell

30. Cell Membrane •
The cell membrane is a thin, two layered structure that separates the inside of the cell from its outside environment.
It keeps the cytoplasm inside while letting waste products out.
Called the “Fluid Mosaic Model”

31. Cell Membrane – Protection
Provides cell with:
– Protection
– Control of movement of materials in/out of cell
– Support
– Maintains condition of the cell

32. Cytoplasm The cytoplasm is the fluid part of the cell
It surrounds all the organelles

33. Eukaryotic Cells
Traits of Eukaryotic cells -have a membrane-bound nucleus -are more complex than prokaryotic cells -have organelles -have a cytoskeleton

34. Cells
All cells have certain structures in common: 1. genetic material – in a nucleoid or nucleus 2. cytoplasm – a semi-fluid matrix 3. Cell membrane – a outer covering 4. Ribosomes – makes protein