1. Section 3- Vocabulary
Oligarchy- Political Power held by a small group of people
Phalanx- Formation of heavily-armed foot soldiers who moved together as a unit
Tyrannies- Governments run by a strong ruler
Democracy- Means “Rule by the people”
Citizenship- Membership in a community
Direct democracy- Political system in which citizens participate directly in decision making
Representative democracy- Citizens elect others to represent them in government

2. Democracy in Athens Oligarchies- Headed by a counsel of leaders
One law-giver named Draco created a code with harsh punishments
Tyranny-
Tyrants were usually members of aristocracy
Won popular support by offering land and benefits to the poor
They were not always harsh or cruel
Did not allow anyone else to participate in government decisions
Some were harsh and others could not fulfill their promises so other forms of government began to seem appealing

3. Phalanx Soldiers New formation, better defense
Could be as deep as eight lines
Each man’s shield was positioned to protect their neighbor
This created a sense of unity
Aristocrats were the most important soldiers
With the phalanx, soldiers did not have to be rich enough to buy and maintain a horse

4. Power of the People Democracy- “rule by the people”
Large numbers of male citizens began to participate in government
594 B.C. Solon lead the polis in Athens, reforming the courts and ending slavery for debt repayment and gave some rights to non- aristocratic men… leading to the beginnings of democracy
508 B.C. Cleisthenes gained power in Athens
Reduced power of the rich
Increased number of voters by including lower class males in votes
Created an assembly to make decisions for the polis
450’s B.C. Pericles
Payed citizens for civil service (like jury duty)
Citizenship- is a membership in a community and gives people rights and responsibilities

5. Athenian Democracy- TB pg. 262

6. Democracy
Direct Democracy- citizens directly partake in decision making
Representative Democracy – citizens elect others to represent them in government
*Remind you of anything????