1. Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages 63-69 (April 1999)
Mechanical stretching of human osteoblast-like cells stimulates bone morphogenic proteins and macrophage colony-stimulating factor productions 
Satoshi Sakoda, Hiroshi Shin, Katsuyo Yamaji, Ikuko Takasaki, Tsutomu Furuzono, Akio Kishida, Mitsuru Akashi, Toshikazu Kubo, Eiichi Nagaoka, Ikuro Maruyama, Isao Kitajima 
Pathophysiology 
Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages (April 1999)
DOI: /S (99)

2. Fig. 1
(A) Stretching apparatus. During the experiment, the apparatus was maintained at 37°C in a chamber made of polymethyl methacrylate. The medium pH was controlled by a gas support system with 95% humidified air and 5% CO2. (1) Stress chamber; (2) thermoregulator; (3) acrylic chamber; (4) gas support system. (B) Schematic demonstration of the stretching apparatus. Rotation of the eccentric disk (1) is transferred via the position transducer (2) to the piston rod (3). The linear bearing (4) is connected between the piston rod and the film (5). One side of the film is firmly fixed on the plastic flask (CORNING, 25 mm2 tissue culture flask) which is used as a mechanical stress chamber (6), and the other side is connected to the linear bearing.
Pathophysiology 1999 6, 63-69DOI: ( /S (99) )

3. Fig. 2
Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-2, BMP-4, activin receptor-like kinase-3 (ALK-3), c-fos and β-actin expressions induced by 0, 0.5, 2, and 4 h of mechanical stimuli. All expressions, except β-actin, increased during the 4-h period.
Pathophysiology 1999 6, 63-69DOI: ( /S (99) )

4. Fig. 3
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Amplified products were measured using an image analysis system. Bars represent quantitative activity given as a percent of control activity and one standard error. Each experiment was repeated three times. Student’s t-test and analysis of variance were used to examine statistical significance compared to the value at 0 h (*P<0.05, vs 0 h. **P<0.01, vs 0 h).
Pathophysiology 1999 6, 63-69DOI: ( /S (99) )