1. In Voltaire’s “Elémens de la Theorie de Newton“ (1738)
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2. Fraunhofer Absorption Lines in the Sun’s Spectrum
Na D lines Orange street lamps contain sodium
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3. Harry Kroto 2004

4. Emission Spectra from Nebulae
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5. Harry Kroto 2004

6. Photon from local star
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7. photoionisation
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8. recombination
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10. Harry Kroto 2004

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12. H Atom ElectronicTransitions in the Radio Range
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13. Hydrogen atom
E = 2R/n3
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14. Bohr radius an = aon2 ao = 0.5 Å (1Å = 10-8cm)
a300 = 0.5x10-3 cm = mm
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15. Energy Levels
E(n) = - R/n2
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16. Energy Levels
E(n) = - R/n2
F(n) = - R/n2 (in cm-1)
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17. Energy Levels E(n) = - R/n2 F(n) = - R/n2 (in cm-1) R = 109678 cm-1
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18. For n= -1  emission lines
Energy Levels
E(n) = - R/n2
F(n) = - R/n2 (in cm-1)
R = cm-1
For n=  emission lines
Harry Kroto 2004

19. For n= -1  emission lines n2 = n+1
Energy Levels
E(n) = - R/n2
F(n) = - R/n2 (in cm-1)
R = cm-1
For n=  emission lines
n2 = n+1
n1 = n
Harry Kroto 2004

20. For n= -1  emission lines n2 = n+1
Energy Levels
E(n) = - R/n2
F(n) = - R/n2 (in cm-1)
R = cm-1
For n=  emission lines
n2 = n+1
n1 = n
Transition Frequencies
F(n1) = - R[ 1/n22 – 1/n12]
Harry Kroto 2004

21. For n= -1  emission lines n2 = n+1 101
Energy Levels
E(n) = - R/n2
F(n) = - R/n2 (in cm-1)
R = cm-1
For n=  emission lines
n2 = n+1
101
100
n1 = n
100
Transition Frequencies
F(n1) = - R[ 1/n22 – 1/n12]
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22. Transition Frequencies F(n1) = - R[1/n22 – 1/n12]
Harry Kroto 2004

23. Transition Frequencies F(n1) = - R[1/n22 – 1/n12]
Harry Kroto 2004

24. Transition Frequencies F(n1) = - R[1/n22 – 1/n12]
F(n) = - R[n2 – (n+1)2]/[(n+1)2n2]
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25. Transition Frequencies F(n1) = - R[1/n22 – 1/n12]
F(n) = - R[n2 – (n+1)2]/[(n+1)2n2]
F(n) = R[(n+1)2 – n2]/[(n+1)2n2]
Harry Kroto 2004

26. Transition Frequencies F(n1) = - R[1/n22 – 1/n12]
F(n) = - R[n2 – (n+1)2]/[(n+1)2n2]
F(n) = R[(n+1)2 – n2]/[(n+1)2n2]
F(n) = R[(n2 + 2n +1 - n2)/[(n+1)2n2]
Harry Kroto 2004

27. Transition Frequencies F(n1) = - R[1/n22 – 1/n12]
F(n) = - R[n2 – (n+1)2]/[(n+1)2n2]
F(n) = R[(n+1)2 – n2]/[(n+1)2n2]
F(n) = R[(n2 + 2n +1 - n2)/[(n+1)2n2]
F(n) = R[(2n+1)/(n+1)2n2]
Harry Kroto 2004

28. Transition Frequencies F(n1) = - R[1/n22 – 1/n12]
F(n) = - R[n2 – (n+1)2]/[(n+1)2n2]
F(n) = R[(n+1)2 – n2]/[(n+1)2n2]
F(n) = R[(n2 + 2n +1 - n2)/[(n+1)2n2]
F(n) = R[(2n+1)/(n+1)2n2]
F(n) ~ R2n/n4 (for large n, n~n+1)
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29. Transition Frequencies F(n1) = - R[1/n22 – 1/n12]
F(n) = - R[n2 – (n+1)2]/[(n+1)2n2]
F(n) = R[(n+1)2 – n2]/[(n+1)2n2]
F(n) = R[(n2 + 2n +1 - n2)/[(n+1)2n2]
F(n) = R[(2n+1)/(n+1)2n2]
F(n) ~ R2n/n4 (for large n, n~n+1)
F(n) ~ 2R/n3
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30. F(n) ~ 2x109678/n3 (cm-1)
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31. F(n) ~ 2x109678/n3 (cm-1) For n = 100 F(100) ~ 0.2194cm-1 ~ 6581MHz
Harry Kroto 2004

32. F(n) ~ 2x109678/n3 (cm-1) For n = 100 F(100) ~ 0.2194cm-1 ~ 6581MHz
Accurate calculation
1/ /1002
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33. F(n) ~ 2x109678/n3 (cm-1) For n = 100 F(100) ~ 0.2194cm-1 ~ 6581MHz
Accurate calculation
1/ /1002 = ( – 1)10-4 = x10-4
Harry Kroto 2004

34. F(n) ~ 2x109678/n3 (cm-1) For n = 100 F(100) ~ 0.2194cm-1 ~ 6581MHz
Accurate calculation
1/ /1002 = ( – 1)10-4 = x10-4
cm-1 = MHz
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35. Hydrogen atom
E = 2R/n3
Harry Kroto 2004