1. Cellular Signal Processing: Out of One, Many
Roshan M. Kumar, James J. Collins 
Molecular Cell 
Volume 45, Issue 2, Pages (January 2012)
DOI: /j.molcel
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Schematic of a Two-Dimensional Signal-Processing Node that Controls Cell Fate
Treatment of rat PC12 cells with nerve growth factor (NGF) activates the Ras/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways through the receptor TrkA. Individual cells in a treated population show a gradient of activity levels, and the relative balance of activation of the two pathways determines whether a cell continues to proliferate or differentiates into a neuronal cell. This produces a sharp boundary (dashed blue line) in the two-dimensional ERK/AKT response map that separates proliferating from differentiated cells. Negative feedback (solid gray lines) from PI3K to Ras mediated by Rasa2 acts to position the population close to the decision-making boundary, while positive feedback (dashed gray lines) from NGF acting through its receptor TrkA serves to amplify the long-term signal response. Downstream effectors execute the cell-fate decision mediated by the ERK/AKT response map.
Molecular Cell  , DOI: ( /j.molcel )
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions