1. Urinary & Reproductive Systems

2. Purpose of Urinary System
To move liquid waste from the body to the outside

3. Parts of the Urinary System
Kidneys
Main organs (2)
Fist sized; located at back of abdominal cavity
Filters blood of wastes (urea, Na)
Connected to bladder by ureter (tube)

4. Parts of the Urinary System
Bladder
Storage sac collects waste from kidney
Mixed with water and other chemicals to make urine
Moved to outside of body in urethra (tube)

5. Water balance
Drink less fluids or sweat more – kidneys produce less urine
Drink more, kidneys produce more urine
Kidneys maintain levels of electrolytes (dissolved Na, K, Ca)

6. Water balance Critical in plants, too
If dry, guard cells close up to trap water in
Guard cells on underside of leaf, away from sunlight

7. Reproductive System

8. Purpose of the Reproductive System
Do I have to
explain this one?

9. Asexual Reproduction Only 1 parent needed
Done by plants and some animals (eg. Aphids)
Offspring have identical DNA to the parent (clone)

10. Sexual reproduction Most animals Requires cells from both parents
In humans, only system where parts are different for males and females

12. Female System Parts specialized for growing and releasing egg cell
Also serves to grow and nourish the fetus (if egg is fertilized)

13. Female System Ovaries – produce egg cell
Oviducts – aka ‘Fallopian Tubes’; path for egg to the uterus; site of fertilization
Uterus – where fetus grows if pregnant
Cervix – opening to the uterus; keeps baby in uterus until delivery
Vagina – receives sperm from male; birth canal for baby during delivery

14. Hormonal Control Gonad Stimulating Hormone (GSH) Estrogen Progesterone
Brain triggers gonads to get to work (puberty)
Estrogen
Regulates menstrual cycle
Stimulates breast enlargement
Progesterone
Works with estrogen to prepare uterus for baby

15. Male System
Parts specialized to grow and deliver sperm cells to female

16. Male System Testicles – site of sperm production
Epididymis – top of testicle; stores sperm
Vas deferens – tube carrying sperm from the testes
Seminal vesicle – adds fluid to sperm
Prostate gland – adds
Urethra – releases semen through penis
Penis – delivers sperm to female system

17. Hormonal Control Gonad Stimulating Hormone (GSH) Testosterone
Brain triggers gonads to get to work (puberty)
Testosterone
Stimulates increase in muscle mass; also growth of body and facial hair