1. Florida Atlantic University The Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing
Marilyn A. Ray, RN, PhD, CTN-A, FSfAA, FAAN, FESPCH (hon.), FNAP
Professor Emeritus, The Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing
Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida

2. Theory of Bureaucratic Caring
Social/ cultural
Educational
Political
Health Care System/Institutional Culture of the Hospital
Spiritual-
Ethical
Caring
Legal
Economic
Global Culture
Physical
Technological
Marilyn A Ray, RN, PhD, CTN-A, FSfAA, FAAN, FESPCH, FNAP, Professor Emeritus
Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing,
Florida Atlantic University – Boca Raton, FL

3. Theory of Bureaucratic Caring
Turkel: Struggling to Find a Balance: The Paradox Between Caring and Economics
Social/ cultural
Educational
Political
Health Care System/Institutional Culture of the Hospital
Spiritual-
Ethical
Caring
Turkel & Ray: Relational Complexity Theory/Model
Legal
Economic
Society
Physical
Technological
Ray & Turkel:
Relational Self-Organization in Workforce Redevelopment
Transtheoretical Evolution of Ray’s Theory of Bureaucratic Caring (Theories generated through research with Dr. Marian Turkel)

4. Different Applications of Theory of Bureaucratic Caring
BC Theory-Guided Education/Administration: Curriculum Development Nevada State College; Capital University, Ohio; Colorado Public Health Department; Iowa Health Care System, Des Moines (4 Hospitals), AACN.
BC Theory-Guided Research: Transtheoretical Evolution of BCT: Turkel: Struggling to Find Balance: The Paradox between Caring and Economics; Ray & Turkel: Relational Caring Complexity; and Relational Self-Organization in Workplace Redevelopment
BC Theory-Guided Practice: BC Theory-Guided United States Air Force Interprofessional Practice Model for USAF Medical Services (2016-on-going);
BC Theory Guided United States Air Force Primary Care and Clinical and Economic Outcomes, Joint Base Andrews, DC (2015);
BC Theory-Guided Nursing in Veterans’ Administration Nursing Practice (Denver, CO)( ), VA, Madison, WI (on-going)
Primary Care (ARNP) and Homebound Patients (2015);
Atlanta, Georgia Adolescent Correctional Facility
Marilyn A Ray, RN, PhD, CTN-A ,FSfAA, FAAN, Professor Emeritus
Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing,
Florida Atlantic University – Boca Raton, FL

5. Current References
Coffman, S. (2018). Marilyn Anne Ray: Theory of bureaucratic caring. In M. Alligood (Ed.). Nursing theorists and their work.(9th ed.)(pp ). St. Louis: Elsevier.
Davidson, A., Ray, M. & Turkel, M. (Eds.)(2011). Nursing, caring and complexity science: For human-environment well-being. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Martin, MB & Ray, M. (2018). Enhancing the role of the transcultural nurse in the global environment. In M. McFarland, & H. Wehbe- Alamah (Eds). Leininger’s transcultural nursing: concepts, theories, research & practice (4th ed.)(pp ). New York: McGraw-Hill Education. . .
Marilyn A Ray, RN, PhD, CTN-A, FSfAA, FAAN, FESPCH, FNAP, Professor Emeritus
Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing,
Florida Atlantic University – Boca Raton, FL

6. References
Ray, M. (2018). Theory of bureaucratic caring. In MJ. Smith & P. Liehr (Eds). Middle range theory for nursing (4th ed)( ). New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Ray, M. (2017). Dr. Marilyn Dee Ray: Theory of bureaucratic caring. In M. Alligood (Ed.). The nurse theorists portraits of excellence (Vol. 3, Video). Ohio, FITNE.
Ray, M. (2016). Transcultural caring dynamics in nursing and health care (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company.

7. References
Ray, M. & Turkel, M.(2015). Marilyn Anne Ray’s theory of bureaucratic caring. In M. Smith & M. Parker (Eds.), Nursing theories and nursing practice (4th ed)(pp ). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company.
Ray, M. & Turkel, M. (2014). Caring as emancipatory nursing praxis: The theory of relational caring complexity. Advances in Nursing Science, 37(2),

8. Acknowledgements
Powerpoints slide development assisted by Ender Viloria, IT Specialist, Florida Atlantic University, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Boca Raton, FL
© Marilyn A. Ray, All Rights Reserved, 2018
Marilyn A Ray, RN, PhD, CTN-A,FSfAA, FAAN,, FESPCH, FNAP. Professor Emeritus
Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing,
Florida Atlantic University – Boca Raton, FL