1. Winning the War
Chapter 11
Section 3

2. Waging Total War
All the nation’s resources directed toward the war effort
Economy
Raised taxes
Rationing (food, clothes, fuel, etc.)
Forbidding strikes
Fixing prices
Culture
Conscription (“the draft”)
Forced civilian labor
Propaganda
Censorship

3. Total War Economic Warfare Result:
Britain formed blockade in North Sea
Confiscated all goods, not just contraband, contrary to international law
Result:
“Turnip Winter” of
Retaliation

4. Total War
1915 – Germany declared it would use U-boats to sink all ships carrying goods to Britain
May – Sinking of the Lusitania
1,200 passengers killed, 128 Americans
Germans said it was carrying weapons
Fallout
America threatened to cut of relations

5. Total War Germany agreed to restrict submarine warfare
U-boat would surface, give warning, and allow neutral passengers to escape in lifeboats

6. Total War Propoganda Censorship
Complete casualty figures, discouraging news
Some art, literature, film, historical writings
France and Germany urged civilians to loan money to government
Allies circulated tales of atrocities

8. Total War Women Women had to give up jobs after war
Kept economies going at home
Took over factory jobs
Grew food
Women’s Land Army-during food shortages in Britain
Nurses
Women had to give up jobs after war
Proved women could handle dangerous and demanding jobs
Britain, Germany, and the U.S. gave women right to vote after the war.

9. Morale Collapses Britain nearly bankrupt
Germany sending 15yr olds to the front
War fatigue
Soldiers in France mutinied, Italians deserted, people were calling for peace

10. Revolution in Russia
Stories of incompetent generals and corruption eroded public confidence
March 1917 – Bread Riots in St. Petersburg
Became revolution that unseated Tsar
Welcomed even among Allies who hoped it would bring democracy and strength

11. Revolution in Russia
Lenin came to power with promise of pulling out of war
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918) ended Russia’s participation in the war

12. The U.S. Declares War
Germany, in hopes of ending war quickly, resume unrestricted submarine warfare
President Wilson angry
Zimmermann Telegram
British intercept German telegram to Mexico
Proposes Germany would help Mexico “reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona” in return for support against the U.S.

13. Declaring War
April 6, 1917 Wilson asks Congress to declare war on Germany “to make the world safe for democracy.”
Within a year 2 million soldiers were ready to join the fight in Europe
Gave Allies a morale boost
We provided much needed financial aid

14. The 14 Points
January 1918 (almost 10 months before war would end) Wilson issued a list for resolving this and future wars
Fourteen Points included:
Freedom of the seas
Free trade
Arms reduction
No secret treaties
Self-determination for Eastern Europe (especially Balkans)
The creation of a “general association of nations”
Becomes the basis for the League of Nations and later the United Nations

15. Victory at Last
Germans launch huge offensive in March of 1918, hoping to win before U.S. enters war.
Counterattack pushes Germans out of France
September—Germany knows it can’t win
November—Kaiser flees to Netherlands
Germany and other Central Powers seek an armistice
War ends November 11, 11 a.m., 1918.