1. CARBOHYDRATES

2. Characteristics of Carbohydrates
Consist of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen
Ratio of H and O is 2 to 1 (Just like water!!)
Energy containing molecules
Some provide structure
Basic building block (monomer) is a monosaccharide (CH2O)n ; n = 3,5,6
Two monosaccharides form a disaccharide
Multiple monomers form polysaccharides (polymers)

3. Different Forms of Glucose

4. Three Monosaccharides
C6H12O6

5. Monos. and Isomerism Glucose is a main source of NRG for cells.
Fructose is found in fruits and is sweetest.
Galactose is found in milk.
All have same formula but different structures…they are ISOMERS!

6. Disaccharides
Simply two monosaccharides combined through a condensation reaction.
Dehydration Synthesis- releasing water in order for two monos. to join together.
Sucrose is the most common example.
Made of fructose + glucose

7. Dehydration Synthesis of a Disaccharide
copyright cmassengale

8. Formation of Disaccharides

9. Hydrolysis of a Disaccharide
Hydrolysis is the process of ADDING a water molecule in order to break up a disaccharide.
The result is two monomer units!

10. Important Polysaccharides: Starch
Consists of glucose subunits
Plant energy storage molecule
Glycogen is a very similar molecule in animals.
Starch and glycogen can be digested by animals.

11. Important Polysaccharides: Cellulose
Composed of glucose subunits
Different bond formed than starch
Structural component in plants
Cannot be digested by animals

12. Important Polysaccharides: Chitin
Glucose subunits
Partly derived from non-sugars (nitrogen)
Composes exoskeletons of insects
Note similarity to cellulose.