1. James Madison (D-R 1809-1817) Father of the Constitution
Co-Founder of the Democratic-Republicans
Sec of State under Jefferson
Repeal of trade embargo on GB/FRA
Charter for the BUS expires (1811)
2nd BUS created in 1816
War of 1812

2. Prelude to War British Impressment of U.S. sailors
Claimed they belonged to the British Navy
Leads to Jefferson’s embargo
British and French at war again
BUS had recently expired
Makes it difficult to fund the war
Conflicts with Native Americans
Mixed support for the war
New England states opposed strongly, needed their help
South and West eager for war

3. Calls for War in America
Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)
William Henry Harrison
Destroy headquarters at Prophetstown
Congress
John C. Calhoun
Henry Clay
“On to Canada”
War Hawks
Young enthusiastic Congressmen from new and Southern states

4. Invasion of Canada (1812-1814) Strong loyalties from the locals
British Loyalists and French Catholics
Americans expected a very easy invasion
Militiamen refused to enter Canadian territory
British conquer Detroit without firing a shot
Battle of Queenston Heights
300 American casualties
Battle of Lake Erie (1813)
Oliver Hazzard Perry
By 1814, British can focus full attention on Canada

5. War of 1812 British blockade along the Atlantic coast
Had the superior Navy
Burning of the White House
August 24, 1814
Retaliation for the American victory in the Battle of York
Dolly Madison saves important documents, painting of Washington
“Storm that Saved Washington”
Star Spangled Banner
Francis Scott Key
Battle of Fort McHenry (1814)

6. Role of Native Americans
Confederacy
Unified Native tribes
Tecumseh & the Prophet
Shawnee Indian leaders
Tecumseh killed in the Battle of the Thames
Dividing loyalties between British and Americans
American expansion led many towards the British
Treaty of Fort Wayne
Relied on ambushes and raids

7. Creek War Tecumseh had recruited Creeks into his Confederacy
Carried out raids on frontier communities
Red Sticks
Broke away from Tecumseh’s Confederacy
William Weatherford (Red Eagle)
Battle of Burnt Corn Creek (1813)
Americans ambush Red Sticks, loot their belongings
Red Sticks retaliate
Fort Mims Massacre (1813) (North Baldwin County)
Red Stick assault on American settlers
Captain Dixon Bailey
Majority of the settlers killed in the massacre

8. General Andrew Jackson
Leads state militias after hearing of the Fort Mims Massacre
Tennessee Volunteers
Sam Houston
Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814)
Surround and attack the Red Sticks
Decisive American victory
800-1,000 Red Stick casualties
Treaty of Fort Jackson (1814) (Wetumpka)
Creeks in Alabama cede majority of their territory
Allows for the settlement/statehood of Alabama
Battle of Pensacola
Spanish surrender
U.S. gets Mobile and Baldwin County

9. Battle of New Orleans (January 8, 1815)
Treaty of Ghent had been signed on Christmas Eve
Jackson surrounded by swamp on one side and Mississippi River on the other
Fortifications withstand British attacks
Pirate Jean Lafitte
Assists Jackson in the Battle in return for pardons for his crew
Casualties
British: 2,459 (386 killed)
American: 333 (55 killed)
Moral boost for the country
Makes Andrew Jackson a hero

10. War of 1812 – Videos https://youtu.be/qMXqg2PKJZU
Crash Course – War of 1812
Victory on Lake Erie – Smithsonian