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24.2 Speciation can take place with or without Geographic Isolation
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Allopatric Speciation
Geographic barriers cause a stop to gene flow.
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Sympatric Speciation Rarer the allopatric speciation.
Speciation occurs without a geographic barrier typically through polyploidy, sexual selection, and habitat differentiation.
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Polyploidy Polyploidy: cell division accident causing extra sets of chromosomes to appear. (Typically this happens more in plants) In rare cases, a sexually created polyploidy hybrid can self replicate asexually and over a few generations create a new fertile offspring that can breed only with it’s own kind.
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Sexual Selection Differences in food selection can cause organisms, (through mate choice) to mate with others that share the same food source.
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Habitat Selection In some cases, offspring of a parent organism can cause new species to arise because the offspring exploit new habitats or resources.
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