1. Chapter 1 Nursing Foundations

2. Religious groups assumes many roles of nursing
Nursing Origins
Youngest profession but oldest art
During the Middle Ages in Europe
Religious groups assumes many roles of nursing

3. The Nightingale Reformation
The Crimean War
Nightingale’s contributions
Training people for future work
Selecting those with upstanding character
Improving sanitary conditions for sick and injured

4. The Nightingale Reformation (cont’d)
Nightingale’s contributions (cont’d)
Reducing death rate of British soldiers (from 60% to ….?)
Providing classroom assistance and clinical teaching
Advocating nursing education should be lifelong

5. Question Is the following statement true or false?
Florence Nightingale advocated that nursing education should be lifelong.

6. Answer
True.
Florence Nightingale advocated that nursing education should be lifelong because of technological advances, to demonstrate competence and ensure the public’s confidence, and to practice according to current nursing standards.

7. Contemporary Nursing(التمريض المعاصر)
Combining nursing art with science (skills & knowledge)
Art: "Ability to perform an act skillfully ".
Science:" Body knowledge unique to particular subject".
Integrating the nursing theory
Nursing theories and application (table.. next)

8. Contemporary Nursing (cont’d)

9. Contemporary Nursing (cont’d)
Defining nursing
Nursing definitions by:
Florence Nightingale (book)
Virginia Henderson(book)
American Nurses Association

10. (American Nurses Association) Definition
 “The diagnosis and treatment of human 
responses to actual or potential health 
problems" 

11. The Educational Ladder
Registered nurse (RN)
Works with physician or dentist
Manages or provide direct care to client
Educates clients and the public: medical conditions
Delegates client care to LPN

12. The Educational Ladder (cont’d)
Associate degree program (diploma)
Length: 24 months
Aimed at shortening nursing education
Would not be expected to work in a management position

13. The Educational Ladder (cont’d)
Baccalaureate program
Greatest flexibility in qualifying for nursing positions
Preferred in areas requiring substantial independent decision making

14. The Educational Ladder (cont’d)
Graduate nursing program
Master’s-prepared nurses: clinical specialist, nurse practitioner, administrator, educator
Doctoral degree: conduct research; advise, administer, and instruct nurses pursuing graduate and undergraduate degrees

15. The Educational Program
Continuing education
Planned learning experience beyond the basic nursing program
Rationale for acquiring continuing education

16. The Educational Program (cont’d)

17. Unique Nursing Skills
Assessment skills (Acts that involves collecting data)
Following activities requires use of assessment:
Interviewing, observing, examining client and family; reviewing client’s medical record; obtaining facts from other health care workers

18. Unique Nursing Skills (cont’d)
Caring skills (action to restore and maintain health)
Assisting with ADLs
Safe care of clients who require invasive or highly technical equipment
Helping client become self-reliant

19. Unique Nursing Skills (cont’d)
Counseling skills
Communicating with client
Actively listening
Providing emotional support

20. Unique Nursing Skills (cont’d)
Counseling skills (cont’d)
Teach clients: promote healing processes, staying well, preventing illness, and carrying out ADLs
Use empathy not sympathy

21. Empathy: "Intuitive awareness of what the
patient is experiencing".
Sympathy:" Feeling as emotionally distraught as
the patient".

22. Unique Nursing Skills (cont’d)
Comforting skills
Provide stability and security during a health-related crisis
END