1. What were the Characteristics and Achievements of Mughal Empire?
Global History and Geography
10th Grade | Br. Siraj
April 13, 2019

2. Rise of the Moghuls
Moghuls were Descendants of Timur Lenk of Central Asia.
The Founder of the Dynasty was Babur.
In 1504 he seized Kabul and in 1517 he crossed into India.
He captured Delhi with Artillery and other advanced weaponry.
He then conquered a vast swath of land in North Indian Plains.
Global History & Geography / Br. Siraj
13 April 2019

3. Reign of Akbar After Babur his son Humayun ascended Delhi’s throne.
At Humayun’s death his 14 year old son Akbar became the Emperor.
Akbar expanded the territory of the empire.
Akbar created a new religion and apparently tolerated all religions.
He had non-Muslim (Hindu) Officials appointed in the government
Global History & Geography / Br. Siraj
13 April 2019

4. Reign of Akbar Local Zamindars collected taxes.
Trade and manufacturing also prospered.
Foreign Trade increased too.
Much of the Foreign Trade was conducted by Arab Merchants.
Tropical food, spices, textile and precious stones was exported in return for gold and silver.
Global History & Geography / Br. Siraj
13 April 2019

5. Decline of the Empire
Akbar’s Son Jahangir further strengthen the empire
Shahjahan initially ruled strongly and further expanded the Empire beyond Hindukush mountains and to Deccan Plateau.
He emptied state treasury because of his ambitious building projects including the “Tajmahal”.
He was later imprisoned by his son Aurangzeb who succeeded him to the throne.
Global History & Geography / Br. Siraj
13 April 2019

6. Decline of the Empire
Aurangzeb expanded the Moghul Empire to it greatest extent.
Almost all of the subcontinent and Afghanistan were brought under Moghul control.
Aurangzeb tried to eliminate India’s social evils like sutee, drinking, gambling, etc.
Rulers after Aurangzeb were weak.
In 1739 Persian Nadir Shah attacked Delhi and destroyed the City.
Global History & Geography / Br. Siraj
13 April 2019

7. British in India
Emperor Jahangir permitted the British East India Company to establish trading forts in India.
By 1650 British established trading forts at Surat, Calcutta [Kolkata] and Madras [Chennai].
In 1757 British under the Leadership of Robert Clive defeated Moghul Ruler of Bengal at the “Battle of Plassey.”
They then got the right to collect taxes.
In 1857 Moghul rule in India Ended.
Global History & Geography / Br. Siraj
13 April 2019

8. Society and daily Life in Moghul India
Female relatives of Moghul Rulers provided political advice.
Aristocratic women were granted salaried jobs and participated in trade and business.
Isolation women was however common.
Hindus practiced suttee and child marriage
There emerged a landed aristocracy and a merchant class
Majority of the people were peasants.
Global History & Geography / Br. Siraj
13 April 2019