1. Nonmetals

2. Elements that lack most of the properties of metals
Location: to the right of the zig zag line on periodic table

3. Physical Properties In general- opposites of metals
Most are gases at room temperature
Low boiling points
Dull
Brittle
Low densities
Poor conductors

4. Chemical Properties
Most readily form a compound
(except group 18)

5. Compounds of Nonmetals
Diatomic Molecules= when molecules contain only 2 atoms
Ex: O2 , Cl2
When metal reacts with nonmetal = electrons move from M to NM
When NM reacts with NM, they share electrons

6. Families of
Nonmetals

7. Carbon Family (Group 14) C Si Ge Sn Pb Each has 4 valence e
All living things contain compounds made of carbon C Si Ge Sn Pb

8. Nitrogen Family (Group 15)As Sb Bi
Each has 5 valence electrons
80% of our atmosphere is N2
Nitrogen compounds are found in soil
Phosphorus is not stable. It’s used in matches & flares

9. O S Se Te Po Oxygen Family (Group 16) Each has 6 valence electrons
Typically gain or share electrons
O2 = oxygen gas
O3 = ozone
Oxygen is found mostly in Earth’s crust, but 2nd most is found in atmosphere
Sulfur compounds have a strong unpleasant odor. Found in rubber bands, tires & medicine O S Se Te Po

10. Halogen Family (Group 17)Cl Br I At
Each has 7 valence electrons
Gain or share 1 electron
All very reactive & most dangerous to humans
F= nonstick cookware
Cl= table salt & pool cleaner
Br= Film for cameras

11. He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn Noble Gases (Group 18)
“Snobby” they don’t interact with others
Do not ordinarily form compounds with other elements
Stable & unreactive
Exist in small amounts in Earth’s atmosphere
Discovered in 1800’s
He= gas for balloons
Ne= neon lights

12. H Hydrogen Has only 1 proton & 1 electron
Makes up more than 90% of atoms in the universe
Only 1% of Earth’s crust, oceans, & atmosphere is made up of H
Is usually found combined with another element in nature H