1. End of the Cold War Turn-in: Checking Crossword Puzzle
Warm-up: Finish all 22 Vocabulary Words
Assignment: Cold War Study Guide

2. Different Presidents – Different Approaches
The election of 1960 would be a televised competition between Richard Nixon(Republican) vs John F. Kennedy(Democrat). Television would help lead JFK to victory and become the youngest president ever elected.
To fight the Cold War, Kennedy worked on building ally nation’s military and establishing programs to help third world countries, instead of relying on nuclear weapons.
There were three intense Cold War situations occurred during Kennedy’s presidency: the Bay of Pigs invasion, Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Berlin Crisis.

3. Bay of Pigs
The Bay of Pigs – Rebel leader Fidel Castro, who had taken over the Cuban government, begin to rely on Soviet aid, and thereby ruined America’s relationship with Cuba.
About 10 % of Cuba’s population went into exile in U.S. The CIA was training Cuban exiles for an invasion of Cuba, hoping it would trigger an uprising that would overthrow Castro. Cuban exiles, supported by U.S. military, landed in the Bay of Pigs in Cuba on April 17, 1961.
Met by Cuban and Soviet troops (because Castro knew we were coming), many American and Cuban exiles were killed, resulting in a public embarrassment.

4. Cuban Missiles Crisis
Cuban Missile Crisis – Khrushchev, leader of the Soviet Union, promised to defend Cuba with Soviet arms. He sent nuclear weapons to Cuba (which is only 90 miles from U.S.). Kennedy gave a warning that America would not tolerate any nuclear weapons in Cuba.
Thankfully, cooler heads would prevail as Khrushchev offered to remove the missiles if Americans pledged not to invade Cuba and would remove U.S. missiles from Turkey.

5. Berlin Crisis
In Germany, many East Berliners fled to West Berlin because it was free from communist rule. Khrushchev wanted this to stop and wanted Kennedy to give up all U.S. access to Berlin, which Kennedy refused.
On August 13, 1961, E. German troops began to build a wall separating East and West Berlin. For decades, the Berlin Wall stood as a symbol of Communist oppression.

6. Man on the Moon!
Space Race Continues: April 12, 1961, Soviets launched cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, into space. The Russians made it to space first.
Kennedy wanted Americans to go to the moon! Neil Armstrong and Apollo 11 completed the first moon landing on July 20, 1969.

7. Assassination of JFK
Kennedy was also an advocate for Civil Rights, which saw his public opinion drop from people who would deny equality for Black Americans.
Kennedy and his wife traveled to Dallas, Texas on November 22, Riding in an open-top limo, Lee Harvey Oswald shot President Kennedy from a book store.
Doctors tried to revive him, but the President was dead.
Television became a “window to the world” as the news traveled very quickly about the president’s death.

8. LBJ
After JFK was killed, Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in as president. He put through many of his “Great Society” programs and continued to promote many of Kennedy’s ideas including declaring war on poverty and getting the Civil Rights Act passed.
Despite his impressive achievements with Civil Rights, LBJ’s legacy was flawed by his failure to lead the nation out of the Vietnam War. He declined to run for a second term in office and retired to his Texas ranch in January 1969.

9. Nixon
Almost as soon as he took office, President Richard Nixon began to implement a new approach to international relations, détente – a policy aimed at easing Cold War tensions.
To that end, he encouraged the UN to recognize the communist Chinese government and, after a trip there in 1972, began to establish diplomatic relations with Beijing.
In 1972, he and Soviet premier Leonid Brezhnev ( ) signed the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I), which prohibited the manufacture of nuclear missiles by both sides and took a step toward reducing the decades- old threat of nuclear war.

10. Reagan
Despite Nixon’s efforts, the Cold War heated up again under President Ronald Reagan. Like many leaders of his generation, Reagan believed that the spread of communism anywhere threatened freedom everywhere.
He worked to provide financial and military aid to anticommunist governments and insurgencies around the world.

11. THE END
Even as Reagan fought communism in Central America, the Soviet Union was crumbling.
In response to severe economic problems and growing political uproar in the USSR, Premier Mikhail Gorbachev took office in and introduced two policies that redefined Russia’s relationship to the rest of the world: “Glasnost,” or political openness, and “perestroika,” or economic reform.
Soviet influence in Eastern Europe diminished. In 1989, every other communist state in the region replaced its government with a noncommunist one.
In November of that year, the Berlin Wall–the most visible symbol of the decades-long Cold War–was finally destroyed, just over two years after Reagan had challenged the Soviet premier in a speech at Brandenburg Gate in Berlin: “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall.” By 1991, the Soviet Union itself had fallen apart. The Cold War was over.