1. Internet Vulnerability & Criminal Activity
4.1 – 2/15/10
Child Exploitation -
Pedophilia & Child Pornography
This week & next week – looking at how children are exploited online

2. Child Exploitation
“Possession, manufacture and distribution of child pornography; online enticement of children for sexual acts; child prostitution; child sex tourism and; child sexual molestation. ”
Long Term Effects of the Victims of Child Exploitation
Violent and emotional trauma
Fear
Intimidation
Lose of trust
Delinquency, criminal behavior
Drug/alcohol abuse
Abusive behaviors of other children
25% of child exploiters are other children

3. Methods of Child Exploitation
Enticement
“Inviting, persuading, or attempting to persuade a child to enter any vehicle, building, room, or secluded place with intent to commit an unlawful sexual act upon or with the person of said child”
Pornography
“Depictions of minors in sexual acts or provocative poses”
Molestation
“Any sexual behavior or activity that is abusive or nonconsensual toward a child – or sexual behavior that is specifically prohibited by state/federal law”
Adult taking advantage of a child’s vulnerability
Child/Minor any one under the age of 18 (even if age of consent lower in state)

4. Methods of Child Exploitation
Prostitution
“The use of a child by others for sexual activities in return for remuneration or any other form of consideration”
Sex Tourism
“Traveling to a foreign country with the intent to engage in sexual activity with a child”

5. Victims of Child Exploitation Online

6. Minor
“Anyone under the age of 18 no matter what the age of consent in a state maybe”

7. Characteristics of Victims
Dysfunctional families
Older rather than younger
Confusion over sexual orientation
Not always “innocent”
May misrepresent themselves
May be looking for / collecting pornography
Do not understand what they are getting into
Consent is not an issue
Teens curious & stupid
Full of bravado

8. Computer/Internet Use by Sex Offenders
Computer only a tool
Online offenders most similar to acquaintance molesters
Offender slang
“Traders” - Traffic in child porn
“Travelers” - Solicit sex with children
Problem area - adolescents
Producing/trading child porn (sexting)
Soliciting sex with other adolescents
Not sexually deviant
Will focus on the use of the internet more than general computer use
Computer a tool, not target - storage creation of child porn - way to exploit kids, find others with same interests
For investigation purposes, OL offenders most like acquaintances - take time to groom child
Kids curious, hormonally challenged & do stupid things
Investigating child sexual exploitation requires knowledge of technical, legal, & behavioral aspects of computer usage - may require expert assisance

9. Illegal Computer/Internet Activities
Possessing / producing child pornography
Uploading / downloading child pornography
Soliciting sex with children
Offering a child for sexual purposes
Many ways to produce child porn - child porn almost gone in the 80’s/ Computer Internet brought it back

10. Legal Sexual Activities
Validating deviant sexual behavior and interests
Reinforcing deviant arousal patterns
Storing and sharing sexual fantasies
Lying about one’s age and identity

11. Legal Sexual Activities cont.
Collecting adult pornography that is not obscene
Disseminating “indecent” material, talking dirty, “cyber-sex”, and providing sex instructions
Injecting oneself into the “problem” of computer exploitation of children to rationalize interests

12. Categories of Sexual Offenders
Situational Offenders
Preferential Offenders
Miscellaneous Offenders

13. Situational Offenders
“Normal” adolescent / adult
Curious
Impulsive
Morally indiscriminate
Power / anger motivated
Previous violent offenses
Profiteers
Easy money
Normal teens / adults - searching for porno online, curious, impulsive
Morally indiscriminate - mothers offering kids for sex
Behavior not long-term, persistant or as predictable as preferrential

14. Miscellaneous “Offenders”
Media Reporters
Engage in illegal behavior for news story
Pranksters
“cyber-smearing”
Older “Boyfriends”
Late teens / early 20’s
Overzealous citizens
Want to help law enforcement
Be aware of true motivation

15. Preferential Offenders
Pedophile
Prefers sex with children
Diverse
Wide variety of deviant interests
Sexually indiscriminate
Latent
Recently begun to act on illegal urges
Pedophile - porn will be child porn
Diverse - may have some child porn, but not main interest

16. Understanding Sexual Offender Behavior

17. Sexual deviations or perversions
Paraphilia
Sexual deviations or perversions
Medical conditions

18. Paraphilia Defined Psychosexual disorder
Recurrent, intense sexual arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviors that involve:
Nonhuman objects
Suffering or humiliation
Children, other non-consenting persons
Occurs over a period of six months

19. Types of Paraphilia Exhibitionism - exposure Fetishism - objects
Pedophilia - children
Sexual masochism - self-pain
Sexual sadism - partner-pain
Voyeurism - watching
Some not illegal
Not illegal if urges are not acted upon

20. Pedophilia Characteristics (Psychological)
Sexual in nature
Highly addictive
Compulsive & repetitive
Very difficult to treat
Unstopped by self-control/self-discipline
Only a crime if urge is acted on
Does not include adolescent consensual relationships
Pysch point of view, not legal
Usually higher socio-economic status, education but as computer usage becomes more wide spread, not so much the case any more

21. Pedophiles use of the Internet
Trafficking in child pornography
Locating children to molest
Engaging in inappropriate communications with children
Communicating with other pedophiles
Big problem - Victims become perps – patterns of sexual desires/ behaviors laid down in childhood adolescence
Communicating - reinforcement

22. Internet Technologies used by Sex Offenders
Adult Pornography
Social Networking Sites
Chat Rooms
Online Gaming Sites
Peer-to-Peer (P2P)
Web Cams

23. Some Pedophile Groups - Some on the Web
North American Man - Boy Love Association - NAMBLA
The Rene Guyon Society
Childhood Sensuality Circle - CSC
Pedophiliacs Anonymous - PAN
Pedophile Information Exchange - PIE
Pedophile Action for Liberation - PAL
Pedophile Alliance League - P.A.L.
The Lewis Carroll Collectors Guild
Howard Nichols Society

24. Evidence Screen name Screen profile Accuracy of profile
Length of time active
Amount of time spent online
Number of transmissions
Number of files
Number of file originated
Number of files forwarded
Number of files received
Number of recipients
Site of communication
Theme of messages and chat
Theme of pornography
Things to look for when investigating - help determine perp behavior

25. “Depictions of minors in sexual acts or provocative poses”
Child Pornography
“Depictions of minors in sexual acts or provocative poses”
Idea of protecting children from sexual exploitation relatively late – 1880’s girl's age of consent was 10
1977 – only 2 states has laws outlawing kids in obscene materials
First federal law – 1978
1988 – first laws concerning child porn online
1990 – Private possession of child porn became illegal – Possession may just be access, not saving files
While attempts have been made to outlaw virtual child porn & young looking over 18 year olds, laws have been overturned as being too broad

26. How the Internet Changed Child Porn
Prior to the Internet, Child porn local, very small distribution
Mid 1980’s - Child porn almost wiped out
Internet & technology allows
Cheap, easy creation of child porn
Anonymous distribution
Available through all Net channels (IRC, P2P, web pages, )
While the loosening of social attitudes toward sex made child porn more available during the 1970’s problem, LE had contained the problem

27. The Role of the Internet in Promoting Child Pornography
Permits vast quantities from around the world
Instantly available in any time or place
Can be accessed anonymously & privately
Facilitates direct communication and file sharing between users
Relatively inexpensive
Images do not deteriorate & are easy to store
Variety of formats; potential for real-time & interactive experiences
Can be used to create composite or virtual images

28. Three Components of the Problem
Production
Distribution
Downloading

29. Production Premium placed on new material – much material decades old
Professionally produced materials from third world countries
Most common, amateurs recording their own sexual exploits
Clandestine photography of children in public places

30. Distribution Uploading & dissemination of pornographic images
May involve sophisticated pedophile rings & organized crime groups
Many times carried out by amateurs
Efforts to stop distribution focusing on ISP’s and police stings has changed the way in which child porn is distributed
Increasingly, sophisticated security measures are being used

31. Methods of Distribution
Web sites
Web cam
E-groups
Newsgroups
Bulletin Board Systems
Chat Rooms
Peer-to-peer

32. Downloading Accessing child porn via the Internet
Images do not need to be saved
In most cases, users must be actively seeking child porn
Increasingly, good computer skills & inside knowledge required
Most downloading done via newsgroups & chat rooms
Require fees & psswords

33. Offender Typology Browsers Private fantasizers Trawlers
Inadvertently find child porn, but knowingly keep the images
No networking
No security strategies
Private fantasizers
Create digital images for personal use
Trawlers
Seek child porn through open sources
Minimal networking
Few security strategies
Different patterns of Internet behavior
Various levels of involvement w/ Internet child porn
Different degrees of networking w/ other offenders
Different expertise in employing secure stratigies

34. Offender Typology Non-secure collectors Secure collectors Groomers
Seek child porn in non-secure chat rooms & other open levels
High levels of networking
No security strategies
Secure collectors
Use closed newsgroups or secret pedophile rings
High level of networking
Sophisticated security measures
Groomers
Develop online relationships with children, use child porn to “groom” victim
May or may not be involved with networking
Little security strategies
Different patterns of Internet behavior
Various levels of involvement w/ Internet child porn
Different degrees of networking w/ other offenders
Different expertise in employing secure stratigies

35. Offender Typology Physical abusers Producers Distributors
Child porn part of pedophilic interest
May create their own child porn, evidence of their behavior
May or may not network
Security depends on victim’s silence
Producers
Record abuse for purpose of distributing to others
Networking depends on if producer is also distributor
Distributors
Disseminates child porn images
May have purely financial interests
Networking and security depends upon level of operation
Any of the other offender levels may be considered distributors

36. How do Pedophiles use Child Pornography
Source of pride
Sexual gratification
Feed/create sexual fantasies
Training/grooming potential victims
Lower potential victim’s inhibitions
Blackmail victim into silence
Profit
Barter with other pedophiles

37. Dangers Associated with Child Porn
Single most distinct characteristic of child molester
Used by molester to ‘normalize’ behavior
Long term use leads to desensitization
Used by terrorist groups to exchange information -

38. Law Enforcement Challenges
Structure of the Internet
Decentralized, P2P
One site shut down, another will instantly take it’s place
Uncertainties of jurisdiction
Requires cooperation among agencies
No clue to where images originate
Why aren’t we doing something? Cause it isn’t easy.

39. Law Enforcement Challenges
Lack of regulation
Community protection vs. Freedom of Speech
Ambiguity regarding liability, ISP responsibility
Differences in legislation
Differences between countries
Countries may vary in commitment
Cultural differences
Expertise of offenders
Long time offenders experts in security measures
Many sting operations catch the inexperienced, low-level offender
Child abuse okay in some countries - Afghanistan

40. Sources
Child Molesters: A Behavioral Analysis -
Child Pornography on the Internet -