1. Grammar
Year 9

2. Reminder of Grammar
In this power point you will find the basics of grammar explained in a very short and easy way.
The Power Point is based on the test you did in class.
You can find good websites in the end of this Power Point.
Explanations:
If you need more or other explanation I suggest you go to or hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/alle_grammar.htm

3. Plural

4. The Plural (flera) One Many Family (fly, city) Families
Most of the time you add an extra -s or –es to contruct the plural form of a noun. E.g. one book -> many books or one church –> many churches
Some other rules are:
More examples:
Exercises:
One
Many
Family (fly, city)
Families
Wife (life, wolf, thief)
Wives
Foot (tooth, geese)
Feet
Man (woman)
Men
Mouse (irregular)
Mice
Sheep (fish)
Sheep

5. Short form and the genitive (ägande)
Apostrophe
Short form and the genitive (ägande)

6. The Apostrophe The apostrophe can be used for two different things:
Something has been taken away, a short form: isn’t, can’t, it’s
To show that someone owns something, this is called the Genitive: Ronny's brother

7. Exercises: Short Form Short form You can also write In Swedish Can’t
Can not
Kan inte
Isn’t
Is not
Är inte
It’s
It is
Det är OBS inte samma som its= dens!
We’ll
We will
Vi kommer
I’ll
I will
Jag kommer
I’m
I am
Jag är
He’s
He is
Han är

8. Genitive Singular Add 's to the noun.
Mandy's brother John plays football.
My teacher's name is ...

9. Genitive Plural Add the apostrophe ' to regular plural forms:
The girls' room is very nice.
The Smiths' car is black.
Add 's to irregular plural forms:
The children's books are over there.
Men's clothes are on the third floor.
If there are multiple nouns, add 's only to the last noun:
Peter and John's mother is a teacher.
If there are multiple nouns that refer to one person/thing – add 's to the last noun.
Peter and John's mother is a teacher.
If there are multiple nouns that refer to more persons/things – add 's to both nouns.
Susan's and Steve's bags are black.

10. 3*. Singular names ending in -s
Although it is not considered to be good English, you may add only the apostrophe words ending on unpronounced -s
Charles's dog – Charles' dog
Illinois's capital – Illinois' capital
Words ending in -x and -z follow the same rules.
Felix's car – Felix' car
But there are situations where only 's is the best choice to make the meaning clear.

11. -s or of

12. -s or of? 1. s-Genitive – mostly for people and animals Ronny's bike
the cat's basket
2. of-phrase – mostly for things
the name of the school
the top floor of the building
If things have a connection to people we also use the s-genitive (possessive).
Germany's economy = the ecomony of Germany
In time expressions we also use the s-genitive (possessive).
a three weeks' holiday

13. Exercises: Apostrophe
Where should the apostrophe be?
This is Annas’/Anna’s book.
Where is Nicks’/Nick’s football?
The childrens’/children’s garden.
What is the difference?
My friend’s car=
My friends’ car=
More exercises:

14. is/are

15. is/are
Pronouns
am/is/are I Am
You
Are
He,she,it Is We
They
you

16. Translate (is/are) Vart är Ted och Sarah? Ted och Sarah är i skolan
Vem är här?
More exercises:
hilfen.de/en/exercises/questions/short_answers_be2.htm

17. was/were

18. Was/Were
Pronouns
Was/were I
was
You
Were
He,she,it
Was We
They
you

19. Exercises: Was/were I________ there last night.
Who ________ that girl?
Anna and John ________ a couple but they broke up.

20. Question Words

21. Questions Words Whose? = Vems?
Which?=Vilken? Use this when you have a selection, a choice to make
What?=Vad?
Who?=Vem?
How?=Hur?
Exercises:

22. there is (there's) and it is (it's)

23. 2. there is (there's)
there is is used to introduce the subject in sentences with the verb be. So the subject is put behind be.
There is someone at the door.
There is a church in the town.
There was a storm last night.

24. 2. it is (it's)
Here the personal pronoun it is the subject in the sentence, followed by the verb be.
It is old.
It is time to go.
It was stormy last night.

25. Examples Correct phrase Common error There is another meeting.
It's another meeting.
There is a lot of noise in this room.
It's a lot of noise in this room.
There is some milk in the fridge.
It's some milk in the fridge.

26. Exercises Det är kallt idag= Det är en tjuv i huset=
Det är två kaniner i trädgården=
Klockan är fyra=
Exercises (Scroll down on the web site):

27. Spelling

28. Spelling
There are a few common spelling mistakes that I suggest you learn.
its=dens, it’s=den är
which=vilken, witch=häxa
with
because
where=vare, were=var (dåtid)
Ourselves (ourselfs)
Had (hade)
Much homework (many homeworks)
Exercises:

29. Still Want More Grammar?

30. More Exercises on Grammar
Vocabulary:
Grammar: