1. Reform
Chapter 16 Section 4

2. Controlling Immigration and Behavior
Many problems from the cities were linked to the new immigrants (ex: crime, public drunkenness, diseases, etc.)
Nativism: Favoring native-born Americans over immigrants
First big show = Chinese Exclusion Act, but nativism was not limited to Asian immigrants alone

3. American Protective Association
Nativist Group that called for…
Teaching only American culture and the English language in school
Demanded tighter rules on citizenship and employment
Many employers would bring in new immigrants to work while current American workers were on strike, undermining their efforts

4. Literacy Tests
Meant to exclude immigrants that were considered “unfit”
Main targets were immigrants from southern and eastern Europe (Very different cultures compared to “WASPs”)

5. Prohibition: A ban on the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages.
Temperance Movement: Organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption
Groups included: Prohibition Party, Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, and the Anti-Saloon League
Opposed drinking because they saw it as a link among saloons, immigrants, and political bosses

6. Purity Crusaders
A group trying to rid their communities of unwholesome and illegal activities
Won passage of a law that prohibited sending obscene materials through the US mail (Ex: birth control methods)
Attacked urban political machines  Machine-controlled police forces profited from vice (corrupt behavior)

7. Helping the Needy The Charity Organization Movement (COS)
Tried to make charity a scientific enterprise
Only wanted to help people who they said were worthy of their help
Led to unfair treatment of the poor

8. Social Gospel Movement
Social reform movement developed within religious institutions.
Sought to apply the teachings of Jesus directly to society
Charity
Justice
Labor Reforms

9. Settlement Movement
Settlement House: A house in a poor neighborhood, like a community center, that offered social services
Main Idea: To truly understand the needs of immigrants, one had to live in their neighborhoods to witness the effects of poverty first hand
Jan Addams and Ellen Gates Starr  Hull House in Chicago