1. Promoting Optimal Health During the School Years
By Dr. Omayyah Nassar

2. At the end of this lesson, the student will be able to:
Outline nutritional considerations for school age children
Discuss the sleep and exercise of school age children
Explain dental health of school age children
Identify injury prevention precautions for children during school year

3. Nutrition
The quality of the child's diet depends on the family's pattern of eating.
Likes and dislikes established at an early age continue in middle childhood and children develop a taste for a variety of foods.
The “ junk food” easy for children to fill up on empty calories.

4. Nutrition
Parents are unable to monitor what their children eat when they are away from home .
Nutrition education should be integrated in the curriculum throughout the school years.
Nurse can work with teacher, child, and parents to provide nutrition education.

5. Sleep and rest
The amount of sleep depends on the child's age, activity level, and state of health.
They usually do not require a nap (9,5 hours at night).
6-7 years old exhibit few problems ;
encouraging quit activities before bedtime.
Children in middle childhood must be reminded frequently to go to bed.

6. Sleep and rest
8-11 years-old children are particularly resistant to go to bed
This can be resolved by allowing the later bedtime as the child gets older.
12 years children often no resistance at bedtime

7. Exercise and activity.
School-age children acquire the coordination, timing, and concentration that are required to participate in adult-type activities.
Appropriate activities include running, jumping rope, swimming, roller skating, ice skating, dancing, and bicycle riding.

8. Exercise and activity
Children need sufficient space to run, jump, skip, and climb.
They need safe indoor and outdoor facilities and equipment.

9. Exercise and activity
Children with disabling conditions require special assessment and help.
Activities should include both practice sessions and unstructured lay.

10. Exercise and activity
School-age children demonstrate increasing fine motor abilities and complex artistic skills.( writing drawing).
School-age children can and want to assume their share of household tasks

11. Dental health 6 years of age:
The first permanent (secondary) teeth erupt
At 12years:
Most permanent teeth are present.

12. Dental health
Dental hygiene and regular attention to dental caries are important by the following:
Correct brushing techniques
The emphasized on the role of fermentable carbohydrates in production of dental caries.
Regular dental supervision
continued fluoride supplementation are essential parts of health maintenance program.

13. Dental health
Parents should learn the correct brushing technique with their children
Several methods of teeth brush
Flossing follows brushing

14. Dental problems 1. Dental caries (cavities).
The age of greatest vulnerability are 4 to 8 years for the primary dentition and 12 to 18 years for secondary or permanent dentition.
Periodontal disease: an inflammation and degenerative condition involving the gums and tissues supporting the teeth; Management is directed toward prevention by brushing and flossing, and using of fluoride.

15. Dental health
Malocclusion : occurs when teeth of upper and lower dental arches do not approximate in proper relationships. (cosmetic and chewing are less effective). orthodontic treatment in late school-age is most successful.

16. Dental problems
Dental injury :fracture (chipping, dislocation, evulsions )
replacement of the lost tooth is needed to maintain normal alignment and position of the other teeth.
if the tooth is replaced within 30 minutes there is 70% chance to reattached.

17. Dental problems
A calm approach and gentile reassurance to the child are successful strategies to reduce anxiety.
Place evulsed tooth in suitable medium for transport a. cold milk. b. saliva-under child's or parent's tongue.

18. School health
School must providing a health environment, health services, and health education.
School health program is maintain health through assessment, screening, and referral activities.
Routine health services :
Emergency care
Safety education.
Communicable disease control.
Counseling.
Follow –up care.
School nurse.

19. Injury prevention See table 14-2. Page:444 Motor vehicle accidents.
Drawing.
Burns.
Poisoning.
Body damage.

20. References
Hockenberry, M. J.,Wilson, D. & Rodgers, C., (2017). Wong's Essentials of Pediatric Nursing (10th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby