1. Marine Fishes
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2. Marine Fishes Ectothermic (cold-blooded) Fins Gills Egg layers
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3. Freshwater vs. Marine Fishes
42% of species are freshwater
58% of species are marine
When fish are in schools, they sometimes take debate.
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4. Anadromous Fishes
Marine but breed in freshwater
ex.- Salmon
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5. Catadromous Fishes Freshwater but breed in ocean ex.- Anguilid Eels
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6. Nearshore Fishes 46% of all species live in shallow , nearshore waters
40% in shallow warm waters
6% in shallow coldwaters
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7. Offshore Fishes
12% of all species live in the waters of the open ocean
1% in the surface waters
5% in the deep waters
6% associated with bottom
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8. Classification of Fishes
Domain- Eukayote
Kingdom- Animal
Phylum- Chordata
Three Classes
Chondrichthyes
Osteichthyes
Agnatha
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9. Cartilagenous Fishes Sharks, Skates, and Rays Teeth not fused to jaw
Scales placoid
Nostrils located ventrally
No operculum
No swim bladder
Osmoregulation: High blood (urea)
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10. Golden Ray Migration in Mexico
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11. 4/13/2019

12. Senses 1.Taste/touch 2.Ampullae of Lorenzeni 3.Sight 4.Lateral Line
5.Smell
6. Hearing
Balance (Otoliths), orientation
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13. Fish have intelligence, sometimes more than humans, see example below
QUOTE OF THE DAY
“SOMETIMES WE FORGET AND THE FISH BRAIN COMES OUT.
MAYBE THEY ATE TOO MUCH SUSHI.
MAYBE THEY SHOULD JUST STICK TO THE RED MEAT.
MAYBE JUST BE VEGAN.”
Metta World Peace , telling “The Wall Street Journal” that the
1-7 Lakers have been struggling of late because they
sometimes have “fish brains.”
USA TODAY SPORTS
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14. Bony Fish Sea Bass, Eels, Sea Horses, Salmon, Garibaldi, and etc.
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15. Bony Fish Characteristics Teeth fused to jaw Scales ctenoid or cycloid
Nostrils located dorsally
Operculum present
Most have swim bladders
Osmoregulation: Drink water and gills remove salt
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16. Body and Swimming Fish swim with a side to side motion of body
Alternate contractions of V-shaped myomeres on each side of spine produce sinusoidal motion
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17. Body Shape and Swimming Efficiency
Overall body shape also effects swimming efficiency
The passage of the fishes body through the water produces turbulence on the surface creating drag
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18. Fusiform Body Shape Fusiform= torpedo shaped streamlined
little turbulence
can attain fast speeds (6-60 mph)
Swordfish (60mph)
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19. Other Body Shapes Compressed, Depressed or Attenuated Less streamlined
more turbulence and drag
slower swimming speeds (1-5 mph)
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20. Body Shapes (cont.)
Compressed
Depressed
Attenuated
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21. Movement of fins
Moved by muscles attached to the base of fin rays and spines
Stiff spines can be erected or retracted
Flexible fin-rays allow for a great range of movement
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22. Paired Pectoral Fins Lateral just behind gill slit(s)
Used for turning, balancing and braking in many bony fish
Provide lift in sharks
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23. Paired Pelvic Fins Ventral often behind pectorals
Used for turning, balancing and braking in many bony fish
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24. Unpaired Dorsal Fins 1,2 or rarely 3 parts located along the back
spiny and soft portions in bony fishes
used to prevent rolling
spines also used for defense
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25. Unpaired Anal Fins 1 or2 parts located posterior to anus*
07/16/96
Unpaired Anal Fins
1 or2 parts
located posterior to anus
spiny and soft portions in bony fishes
used to prevent rolling
spines also used for defense
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26. Unpaired Caudal Fins 1 or 2 lobes soft in bony fishes
attached by caudal peduncle
provides thrust
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27. Tail Shape and Swimming Efficiency
Large surface area tail
Develops a great deal of thrust but increases frictional drag
Tall tail
Develops thrust without increasing frictional drag
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28. *
07/16/96
Alligator gar at broken bow lake in oklahoma
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29. 4/13/2019

30. More shapes Rounded Truncate Forked Lunate 4/13/2019 Clownfish*
07/16/96
More shapes
Rounded
Truncate
Forked
Lunate
Clownfish
ornate butterfly fish
Bluefin tuna
bonefish
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31. Sex Changes
Clownfish- don’t tell Nemo’s dad, but if the female half of a pair of clown fish dies, the widower usually responds by turning into a female.
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32. Jawless Fish Hagfish and Lamprey Remnants of an ancient group
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33. Countershading etc. Countershading Warning Color Disruptive
Cryptic-blend
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34. Not hiding at all!!!
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35. Shark senses Hearing-several thousands of meter
Smell- several hundreds of meters -1 part per million of blood
Lateral line meters
Vision meters
Ampullae of Lorenzeni cm
Touch/taste-contact
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36. Shark facts
See orange sheet
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