1. Initial Response Actions To Confined Space Emergencies No need to click to advance, the show will automatically advance.

2. Introduction Under NO circumstances should rescuers enter a confined space unless they are trained, equipped, and supervised in accordance with OSHA regulations.Under NO circumstances should rescuers enter a confined space unless they are trained, equipped, and supervised in accordance with OSHA regulations. This Confined Space Awareness training program does NOT qualify participants to enter a confined space.This Confined Space Awareness training program does NOT qualify participants to enter a confined space.

3. Fire Departments ARE NOT exempt under the MOSH standard.Fire Departments ARE NOT exempt under the MOSH standard. MOSH: Maryland Occupational Safety & HealthMOSH: Maryland Occupational Safety & Health

4. References Permit-required confined spaces - 1910.146 Regulations ( Standards - 29 CFR) Occupa t ional Safety And Health Administration

5. A Confined Space is defined as an area which:

6. Has adequate size and configuration for employee entry Has adequate size and configuration for employee entry

7. Has limited means of entering/exiting Has limited means of entering/exiting

8. Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy

9. Confined Space Statistics O.S.H.A. estimates 1.6 million employees enter confined spaces each year O.S.H.A. estimates 1.6 million employees enter confined spaces each year 50,000 emergency responses and 60 fatalities occur as a result of confined space incidents yearly 50,000 emergency responses and 60 fatalities occur as a result of confined space incidents yearly 60% of confined space fatalities are would be rescuers 60% of confined space fatalities are would be rescuers

10. What Does This Tell Us? Workers fail to recognize hazards Workers fail to recognize hazards Workers under estimate the dangers Workers under estimate the dangers Workers become complacent Workers become complacent Workers will try to save their buddy Workers will try to save their buddy

11. Confined Space Entry Permit Permit requiredPermit required Non-permit requiredNon-permit required SAMPLE

12. A Permit-Required Confined Space CFR 1910.146 Is a confined space that has a potential to have one or more of the following hazards: Is a confined space that has a potential to have one or more of the following hazards: Hazardous Atmospheres Hazardous Atmospheres Engulfment Hazards Engulfment Hazards Configuration Hazards Configuration Hazards Energy Hazards Energy Hazards Other Hazards Other Hazards

13. Non-Permit Required Spaces Does not contain or have the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphereDoes not contain or have the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere A hazard capable of causing death or serious physical harmA hazard capable of causing death or serious physical harm

14. Confined Space Injuries/Illnesses AsphyxiationAsphyxiation LacerationsLacerations Blunt TraumaBlunt Trauma Toxic Gas InhalationToxic Gas Inhalation ClaustrophobiaClaustrophobia Crushing TraumaCrushing Trauma Electric ShockElectric Shock BurnsBurns Heat StressHeat Stress Heart AttackHeart Attack

15. Asphyxiating Hazards Oxygen Levels Oxygen Levels 23.5% & above:High Oxygen Levels 23.5% & above:High Oxygen Levels 20.8 to 21%:Normal air oxygen levels 20.8 to 21%:Normal air oxygen levels 19.5% & below:Low Oxygen Levels 19.5% & below:Low Oxygen Levels Normal air: 20.9% O2, 78.1% nitrogen, 1% argon Normal air: 20.9% O2, 78.1% nitrogen, 1% argon Oxygen can be consumed or displaced Oxygen can be consumed or displaced

16. Hazards Oxygen Deficient, Displaced or Enriched Oxygen Deficient, Displaced or Enriched Lack of Ventilation Lack of Ventilation Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions Flammable/Explosive Atmosphere Flammable/Explosive Atmosphere Toxic Atmosphere Toxic Atmosphere

17. How Confined Spaces Become Contaminated Biological activity Biological activity Combustion Combustion Adsorption Adsorption Insertion Insertion Reaction Reaction

18. Determine If You Are Responding To A Confined Space Meets The Criteria Meets The Criteria Ensure PPE Is Available Ensure PPE Is Available Prevent Inappropriate Entries Prevent Inappropriate Entries Request Additional Resources Request Additional Resources

19. Common Confined Spaces Storage TanksStorage Tanks SewersSewers BoilersBoilers Underground VaultsUnderground Vaults Tank TrucksTank Trucks Air HandlersAir Handlers Storm DrainsStorm Drains WellsWells PitsPits Water TowersWater Towers Rail Tank CarsRail Tank Cars Process VesselsProcess Vessels

20. Below-grade confined spaces are quite common

21. Most all storage tanks are considered confined spaces

22. Underground Utility Vaults are considered confined spaces

23. Industrial facilities often have numerous confined spaces

24. Why Have You Been Called? Person down due to what circumstances? Person down due to what circumstances? Entangled, Engulfed, Lost? Entangled, Engulfed, Lost? Has anyone attempted rescue? Has anyone attempted rescue? Is the atmosphere capable of supporting life? Is the atmosphere capable of supporting life?

25. Rescue Vs. Recovery Why Is Victim Down? Why Is Victim Down? Conscious or Unconscious? Conscious or Unconscious? Estimate Time Frame? Estimate Time Frame? Atmospheric Conditions? Atmospheric Conditions? How Long Until Proper Entry? How Long Until Proper Entry?

26. Engulfment Hazards SilosSilos Gravel PitsGravel Pits TanksTanks DigestersDigesters May be Liquids or SolidsMay be Liquids or Solids

27. A 1-million gallon raw sewage engulfment hazard!

28. Engulfment Hazards

29. Initial Actions Of The First Arriving Unit Deny Entry / Access Deny Entry / Access Gather Hazard Information Gather Hazard Information Atmospheric Monitoring Atmospheric Monitoring Ventilation Ventilation Lock Out / Tag Out Lock Out / Tag Out

30. A typical Lockout station at an industrial facility

31. Response Guidelines Arrive On Scene, Take Command, Size-Up Arrive On Scene, Take Command, Size-Up Primary Assessment Primary Assessment UNSAFE ATMOSPHERE EXISTS UNTIL TESTED! UNSAFE ATMOSPHERE EXISTS UNTIL TESTED! INITIATE TECHNICAL RESCUE TEAM IF NOT ALREADY DISPATCHED INITIATE TECHNICAL RESCUE TEAM IF NOT ALREADY DISPATCHED Secure Reporting Party Secure Reporting Party Immediate assessment of hazards to rescuers Immediate assessment of hazards to rescuers Victim assessment Victim assessment Early decision- Rescue Vs Recovery Early decision- Rescue Vs Recovery

32. Transition To The Rescue Team Face To Face Update Face To Face Update Assist With Equipment Set Up Assist With Equipment Set Up Maintain Scene Security Maintain Scene Security Provide Scene Support Provide Scene Support

33. Safety Around The Space Vehicle Placement Vehicle Placement Exposure To Exhausted Air Exposure To Exhausted Air Equipment / Personnel Over Confined Space Opening Equipment / Personnel Over Confined Space Opening Other Hazards May Be Present Other Hazards May Be Present

34. Always Remember 1. When Conditions Deteriorate You Cant Escape from The Nearest Window Or Door 2. Confined Spaces Are Unforgiving 3. You Only Get One Chance Risk Vs. Benefit 4. STAY SAFE

35. NOW ITS TIME TO SEE HOW MUCH YOU REMEMBER Hit Esc to stop the show