1. The World of Islam
6.1 & 6.2

2. Chapter 6 Section 1
The Rise of Islam

3. Main Idea
The Revelations of Muhammad led to the creation of the Islamic religion

4. Life of Muhammad: Caravan Manager
Born in Mecca to a merchant family, orphaned at age 5
Grew up and married into money (a rich widow)
What examples can you give of greediness by the elite class in the U.S.?
Muhammad was troubled by the gap between the rich and the poor
He began to meditate
What is meditation?
Using your background knowledge, why do you believe he began to meditate?
What is a revelation?
Troubled by the gap between the generosity of most and greediness of elites

5. The Prophetic Tradition
Revelations
The Prophetic Tradition
Received revelations from God given by the angel Gabriel
Believed God already revealed himself through Moses and Jesus (Hebrew and Christian traditions)
But believed the final revelations from Allah were given to him.
What do you think his wife thought about all of this? Hearing an angel while meditating?
He had a very supportive wife. She was the first to convert to Islam. Otherwise, the story might have ended there…
Adam
Noah
Abraham
How many people do you believe they converted in 3 years?
Answer: 30
Moses
Jesus
Muhammad

6. The Qur’an (Koran)
Muslims believe what was said to Muhammad was eventually written down
114 suras (chapters).
In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful.
Written in Arabic.

7. ISLAM- The Basics
Islam means “peace through submission to the will of god”
Islam…..is the religion
Muslim- those who practice Islam
Muslims….are the people
“Peace through submission to the will of God” means they also had to listen to his prophet. This is how Muhammad became a religious and political leader
Boxer Muhammad Ali was born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. Changed his name after converting to Islam

8. The Teachings of Muhammad
In 622 (year 1 of the Islamic calendar) Muhammad and his followers moved from Makkah (Mecca) to Madinah (Medina)
Medina: City of the Prophet
Journey to Medina known as Hijrah
Monotheistic
Muhammad is considered a prophet
Five pillars of Islam (More on this next):
Belief: one god Allah
Prayer: 5 times a day
Charity: give part of their wealth to the poor
Fasting: Ramadan refrain from food and drink sunrise to sunset
Pilgrimage: to Mecca (hajj)
Way of life, not just belief
Shari’ah- practical laws to regulate daily lives
Based on interpretations of the Quran
Family life, business practice, gov’t and moral conduct
Does NOT separate religious matters from political or civil laws
Forbidden to gamble, eat pork, drink alcohol or engage in dishonest behavior
Muhammad is NOT divine. He is similar to Moses for Christians
What other religions are monotheistic?
Islam is a direct and simple faith- obey Allah

9. 1. The Shahada
The testimony/declaration of faith:
There is no god worthy of worship except God, and Muhammad is His Messenger [or Prophet]. 1

10. 2. The Salat
The mandatory prayers performed 5 times a day: * dawn * noon * late afternoon * sunset * before going to bed
Wash before praying.
Face Mecca and use a prayer rug
Pray in the mosque on Friday. 2
You must start this at puberty
In countries that are officially Islamic, bells go off when it is time to pray
No priests!- A direct link to Allah

11. 3. The Zakat Almsgiving-charitable donations:
Muslims believe that all things belong to God.
Zakat means both“purification”and “growth.”
About 2.5% of your income. 3
If all things belong to God, they are just held “in trust” by humans

12. 4. The Sawm Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan:
Considered a method of self-purification.
No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan. 4
Starts at puberty or earlier by choice

13. 5. The Hajj The pilgrimage to Mecca:
Must be done at least once in a Muslim’s lifetime if financially and physically able.
2-3 million annually
Those who complete the pilgrimage can add the title hajji to their name. 5
Describe their clothing
Simple or complex?
Why??? To get rid of class structure, everyone looks the same (equal)

14. The Arab empire and it’s Successors
Chapter 6 Section 2
The Arab empire and it’s Successors

15. Main Idea
Islam grew under the rule of Muhammad’s successors, but there was constant tension over choosing who should rule the empire.

16. After Muhammad’s Death
After Muhammad’s death his father-in-law Abū Bakr took over
Caliph- successor to Muhammad
Muhammad never named a successor!
Muhammad had been accepted as both a political and religious leader
Culture was still male-oriented- he had daughters, but no sons
His father-in-law had been a chief advisor and had led many prayer services

17. Arab Conquest
Under the leadership of Abū Bakr, the Islamic movement continued to grow
Koran permitted fair and defensive Jihad- “struggle in the way of god”
Justified war to expand territory
Christians and Jews were allowed to continue to practice in conquered lands because they were “people of the book”
Must be loyal to the Muslims and pay taxes

18. Umayyad Conquests
After Abū Bakr died, problems arose over who should become the next caliph
First two caliphs who took over were quickly assassinated
Under the UMAYYAD EMPIRE: Muslims had expanded their empire from Spain and Africa in the west to India in the east. This Arab Empire became wealthy but was also influenced by other cultures (Persians and Byzantines)

19. A Split in Islam
Despite the success of the Umayyad Empire, internal fighting would threaten the empire’s stability
Non-Arab Muslims in the empire (Persians and Byzantines) were upset that Arab Muslims were favored
Revolts began, a big one in what would be modern day Iraq
The revolt was led by a man named Hussein (Hussein was the son of Ali, who was the son-in-law of Muhammad)

20. Shia and Sunni
Shia- Muslims accept only the descendants of Ali as the true ruler of Islam (they believe leadership should have been handed down through Muhammad's family)
Sunni- Didn’t all agree with the Umayyad rule but accepted Umayyads as caliphs (they agreed with Muhammad that the leaders need to be active in the religion and capable of the job)
Majority today

21. Three Holiest Cities in Islam
Mecca-birthplace of Muhammad
Medina-city of the Prophet
Jerusalem-where Muhammad ascended into heaven

22. Turbans
If you see someone wearing a turban (any ethnicity) they are likely follower of the Sikh religion (a monotheistic religion from India)
If a Muslim is wearing a turban, it is CULTURAL, not religious

24. Hijab versus Burqa Traditional Hijab Modern Hijab Burqa
After puberty (sometimes earlier), when in the presence of adult males
Symbol of modesty, privacy, and morality
Modern Hijab
1970’s movement called Sahwah (or awakening)
College-aged Muslims started a new trend
Not seen as restrictive, instead seen as a way to avoid unwanted advances and promote their religion
Burqa
People who interpret the Koran as saying women must cover their faces as well

25. Muslims in the World Today

26. Countries with the Largest Muslim Population
Arabs make up only 20% of the total Muslim population of the world. 1.
Indonesia
183,000,000 6.
Iran
62,000,000 2.
Pakistan
134,000,000 7.
Egypt
59,000,000 3.
India
121,000,000 8.
Nigeria
53,000,000 4.
Bangladesh
114,000,000 9.
Algeria
31,000,000 5.
Turkey
66,000,000
10.
Morocco
29,000,000