5. Presidential election of 1860
In 1860, Stephan Douglas and Abraham Lincoln ran against each other again, this time for president.
Lincoln had become well known from their debates about slavery.
This time Lincoln won, becoming the 16th president.

6. Confederate States of America
On December 20, 1860, South Carolina was first to secede.
Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas followed.
The eleven states that seceded formed the Confederate States of America.
Jefferson Davis was named president.
They wrote a new Constitution which made slavery legal.

8. The Civil War began at Fort Sumter

9. Fort Sumter was in the South
Tough to defend for the Union
23 states in the Union (North) at the beginning of the war.
11 states in the Confederacy (South) at the beginning of the war.

13. First Battle of Bull Run
Took place in northern Virginia
Union drove back Confederates at first
Confederates rallied, surging forward with a “Rebel Yell”
Union army was terrified and dropped their guns and ran
Caused a lot of panic when troops collided with civilians
The South rejoiced!

14. War at Sea
The North set up a blockade to keep the South from using the sea
Would prevent the South from exporting the cotton and keep important supplies away
The blockade caused serious problems for the South

15. Battle of the Ironclads
Merrimac vs. The Monitor

17. Battle of Shiloh April 6-7, 1862
Lasted 2 days with some of the most bitter, bloody fighting
More than 20,000 casualties
This battle helped the North to gain control of the Mississippi River
Union victory

20. Union Defeat at Richmond
Union General McClellan did not act, allowing the Confederates to plan a defense
The defeat spread gloom in the North
Call for more volunteers – but slow
Victory boosted Southern morale

21. Battle of Antietam
The Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest day in American history, bar none.
In the first three hours of the battle alone, the Union Army took 8,000 casualties.
Twice as many men fell at Antietam in that one day than all the men of the D-day invasion of World War II combined.
23,000 dead or wounded 

23. Battle of Antietam Confederates launch an offensive into MD
2 union soldiers found a copy of Lee’s orders for his army
The North knew what to expect
Sept. 17, the most bloody day of the entire war
Over 23,000 soldiers killed or wounded
Confederate retreat allowed Union troops to claim victory – but no clear winner

26. North’s Advantages The Union had some major advantages. More people
More factories
Could make weapons
More miles of railroad tracks

27. The 35-Star Flag: the Official United States Flag on July 4th, 1863.
A star was added for the admission of West Virginia (June 20th, 1863) and was to last for 2 years.
The two Presidents to serve under this flag were Abraham Lincoln ( ) and Andrew Johnson ( ).