1. Table 15-1, p. 612

2. Common Names of Carboxylic Acids
Table 15.1

3. Common Names of Dicarboxylic Acids
Table 15.1

4. p. 614

5. Table 15-2, p. 615

6. p. 615

7. Figure 15.1
An alkoxide ion has its charge localized on one oxygen atom and is less stable, while a carboxylate ion has the charge spread equally over both oxygens and is therefore more stable.
Fig. 15-1, p. 616

8. p. 616

9. p. 618

10. p. 618

11. Figure 9.16
Classification of substituent effects in electrophilic aromatic substitution. All activating groups are ortho- and para-directing, and all deactivating groups other than halogen are meta-directing. The halogens are unique in being deactivating but ortho- and para-directing.

12. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
Figure 9.16
Classification of substituent effects in electrophilic aromatic substitution. All activating groups are ortho- and para-directing, and all deactivating groups other than halogen are meta-directing. The halogens are unique in being deactivating but ortho- and para-directing.
Fig. 9-16, p. 338

13. pKa’s of Substituted Benzoic Acids
Lower pKa
Higher pKa
Figure 9.16
Classification of substituent effects in electrophilic aromatic substitution. All activating groups are ortho- and para-directing, and all deactivating groups other than halogen are meta-directing. The halogens are unique in being deactivating but ortho- and para-directing.
Fig. 9-16, p. 338

14. Preparation of Carboxylic Acids : Review
Oxidation of 1 alcohols:
a. CrO3, H3O+
b. K2Cr2O7, H2SO4
Oxidation of 1 alcohols:
p. 620

15. Preparation of Carboxylic Acids : Review
2. Oxidation of aldehydes:
a. KMnO4
b. CrO3, H3O+
c. K2Cr2O7, H2SO4 (Jones)
Oxidation of 1 alcohols:
p. 620

16. Preparation of Carboxylic Acids : Review
3. Oxidative cleavage (of double bonds):
a. KMnO4
b. O3, H2O2
Oxidation of 1 alcohols:
p. 620

17. Preparation of Carboxylic Acids : Review
3. Oxidative cleavage a- to arene:
a. KMnO4
b. CrO3, H3O+
Oxidation of 1 alcohols:
Methyl, 1° , 2°

18. Figure 15.4
IR spectrum of butanoic acid, CH3CH2CH2CO2H.
Fig. 15-4, p. 627

19. p. 628

20. Figure 15.5
Proton NMR spectrum of phenylacetic acid, C6H5CH2CO2H.
Fig. 15-5, p. 628