1. IB Psychology 12.13.16 Today’s Agenda: Turn in: Nothing 3.4-3.5
Take out:
Notes, notes, notes
Today’s Learning Objectives:
Evaluate two models or theories of one cognitive process.
Discuss, with reference to relevant research studies, the extent to which one cognitive process is reliable.
Today’s Agenda:
MSM vs LOP
HW:
Discussion piece by Friday
Celebrate knowledge of on Thursday! You will NOT want to miss it!

2. Summary of Multi Store Memory Model Components

3. QUICK…WITHOUT LOOKING…
WHAT WERE THE NUMBERS I GAVE YOU YESTERDAY IN CLASS?
Did you remember? How?!?
Did you forget? Why?!?

4. Levels of Processing (LOP) Evaluate two models or theories of one cognitive process.
An alternative to the multi-store model
Emphasizes memory process rather than structure (the stores: SMS, STM, LTM)
Based on the idea that the strength of a memory trace is determined by how the original info was processed, or ____________?
ENCODED

5. Levels of processing Shallow processing Deep processing Structural
Phonological
Semantic
Physical Feature Encoding…
Creating/Extracting a meaning…is this still encoding?
Auditory Feature Encoding…

6. Levels of processing Shallow processing Deep processing Structural
Phonological
Semantic
Weak memory trace
Strong memory trace

7. Levels of processing
Incoming stimuli pass through a series of analysing mechanisms
Memory traces are a product of how stimuli are analysed
Strength of trace depends on:
Attention (there’s that idea again…) paid to stimulus
Depth of processing carried out
Connections with existing knowledge
Consider why Skyline has constructed the humanities department in the way it has…any thoughts on the principles behind the practice?

8. Levels of processing Different levels of processing:
Structural – appearance
Phonological – auditory/sound
Semantic – meaning
Structural is the shallowest, semantic is the deepest

9. Levels of processing
The basic prediction of the LOP approach is that the amount of info pps will recall/recognise will depend on how deeply the experimental stimuli were processed

10. Levels of processing Elias & Perfetti (1973) Craik & Tulving (1975)
PPs had greater recognition of words they had thought of similes for (semantic) than word they had thought of rhymes for (phono)
Craik & Tulving (1975)
Highest recognition of semantically processes stimuli, followed by phono, followed by structural

11. Levels of processing Morris et al (1977)
Semantic processing was not always best; it depended on how recall was measured:
Recognition – semantic best
Rhyming recognition – phono best
Why is it that songs help us remember things?
Let’s see how you do:

12. Levels of processing Strengths:
Influential model that focused researchers on processes that they had tended to neglect
The idea that the nature of a memory trace depends on encoding processes is well supported

13. Levels of processing “Challenges”
Many different variables involved in determining how a stimulus is processed:
Depth
Spread
Elaboration
Distinctiveness
Very difficult to isolate these variables experimentally

14. LOP and revision You will recall more if you use…
Depth – make sure you understand & make connections between the topics & ideas
Spread – use several different techniques on the material
Elaboration – mental effort is required to store material effectively
Distinctiveness – make the material your own