1. Pulmonary autograft valve explants show typical degeneration
Aart Mookhoek, MSc, Emile de Heer, PhD, Ad J.J.C. Bogers, MD, PhD, Johanna J.M. Takkenberg, MD, PhD, Paul H. Schoof, MD, PhD 
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 
Volume 139, Issue 6, Pages (June 2010)
DOI: /j.jtcvs
Copyright © 2010 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Morphologic analysis shows a thickened autograft (Au) ventricularis compared with that seen in normal aortic (Ao) and pulmonary (P) valves (upper mid panel, original magnification 135×). Detailed photos of the autograft valves show cubical endothelium (lower left, V), collagen-rich extracellular matrix (lower mid), and high density of spindle-shaped cells (lower right; original magnification, 540×).
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2010 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Confocal images of valvular collagen structures show an increase in collagen density in pulmonary autograft valves (lower left) compared with that seen in normal aortic and pulmonary valves (upper panels; original magnification, 800×). Distinct radial orientation of the collagen fibers is shown at high magnification (lower right; original magnification, 1600×). V, Ventricularis.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2010 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions