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Notes #1 Present Indicative Tense
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I. Verb Endings o amos o emos o imos as áis es éis es ís
The present tense is formed by dropping the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) and adding the following endings: -ar -er -ir o amos o emos o imos as áis es éis es ís a an e en e en
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II. Irregular Yo forms a. –go verbs salir salgo salimos sales salís
sale salen similar verbs: tener venir decir hacer oír poner seguir conseguir traer caerse valer- to be worth Always point out “seguir” as an important word. 2. Remind them that some also have other changes (“tener,” “decir,” “oir” etc.)
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II. Irregular Yo forms (continued)
b. –oy verbs dar doy damos das dais da dan similar verbs: ir ser estar (*accent marks)
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II. Irregular Yo forms (continued)
c. –zco verbs conocer conozco conocemos conoces conocéis conoce conocen similar verbs: merecer- to deserve nacer- to be born obedecer - to obey parecerse- to look like (somebody) conducir producir reducir traducir
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II. Irregular Yo forms (continued)
d. –jo verbs occurs in all –ger & –gir verbs coger- to catch, to grasp cojo cogimos coges cogís coge cogen similar verbs: recoger- to pick up escoger- to choose, to pick exigir- to demand, to require fingir- to pretend SAT word- point out that “exigir” is related to “exigent”- demanding 2. Point out that “recoger” is both items & people (to swing by & get someone) 3. Warn students that “coger” in some countries (Mexico, Venezuela, Argentina) has an obsence, crude sexual connotation.
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II. Irregular Yo forms (continued)
e. miscellaneous verbs saber- sé ver- veo convencer (to convince)- convenzo caber (to fit into)- quepo
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II. Stem-changing verbs
a. e to ie pensar pienso pensamos piensas pensáis piensa piensan similar verbs: cerrar comenzar divertirse despertarse empezar mentir- to lie preferir sentarse sentir- to be sorry sentirse- to feel Sentir- to feel sorry “lo siento” Sentirse- to feel an emotion, to touch “me siento enfermo”
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II. Stem-changing verbs (continued)
similar verbs: acostarse almorzar contar- to count, to tell a story devolver- to return an item dormir encontrar jugar (u to ue) morir mostrar- to show recordar- to remember poder b. o to ue volver vuelvo volvemos vuelves volvéis vuelve vuelven
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II. Stem-changing verbs (continued)
c. e to i pedir pido pedimos pides pedís pide piden similar verbs: despedirse- to say goodbye reñir- to argue, to fight repetir servir vestirse *seguir conseguir- to get, to obtain Point out that “seguir” (conseguir, perseguir, etc) have an irregular yo “sigo”
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II. Stem-changing verbs (continued)
d. –y verbs occurs in –uir verbs huir- to flee huyo huimos huyes huís huye huyen similar verbs: oír* construir- to construct incluir- to include concluir- to conclude influir- to influence Point out that “oir” has the irregular yo “oigo” form. 2. I point out that “guir” are –go verbs (seguir, conseguir, perseguire, etc) and “uir” are –y verbs
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II. Stem-changing verbs (continued)
e. oler- to smell, to stink huelo olemos hueles oléis huele huelen 1. Point out that “oler” has multiple “meanings”– flowers, perfume & people smell nice; your nose smells fragrances, odors; sweaty feet stink
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III. Accent verbs a. –iar & –uar verbs
Some – iar and – uar verbs (exceptions include estudiar, limpiar, copiar, etc.) have accent marks in a stem-changing pattern. continuar- to continue continúo continuamos continúas continuáis continúa continúan similar verbs: actuar- to act graduarse- to graduate enviar- to send confiar- to confide in, to entrust espiar- to spy fiarse- to trust Point out that the vosotros form still has the normal accent on the “áis” I usually point out this is the “estar” linguisitc group
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III. Accent verbs (continued)
b. reír - to laugh sonreír - to smile ALL forms have an accent mark over the letter í sonrío sonreímos sonríes sonreís sonríe sonríen 1. The “se” is linguisitcally not reflexive in the English sense; the “se” makes it a transitive verb (meaning it projects/ transports the action onto another person or idea)- mention that English teachers use the terms “transitive & instransitive”– instransitive, just one person/items doing the action– transitive, direct/indirect concept– somebody else 2. “Hacer reír/sonreir”- to make laugh, smile– Los chistes siempre me hacen reir. Ramon siempre sonrie cuando ve a Isabel
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