1. Chapter 10 Species Interactions I: Competition character displacement
Fundamental niche vs realized niche
K selection vs r selection :

2. Classification of species interaction
Chapter Opener
Key concepts page 163
Classification of species interaction
1) Competition
2) Predation
3) Herbivory
4) Parasitism
5) Mutualism
Resources competition= scramble or
exploitative competition
Interference competition=contest comp.
Interspecific comp. vs intraspecific comp.

3. This chapter discuss interspecific competition
Resource competition occur a number of organism utilize common resources.
Water, light, nutrients, space, plant
Mate, water, food  animal

4. Two species utilize common resources in competition
Figure 10-1
Two species utilize common resources
in competition
Species 1: 16 individuals
supported
In competition, two
species for common
resources
Species 2: 64
individuals supported

5. Changes in population size of species 1 when competing with species 2
Figure 10-2
Changes in population size of species 1 when
competing with species 2
K=carrying capacity

6. Changes in population size of species 2 when competing with species 1
Figure 10-3
Changes in population size of species 2 when
competing with species 1
Alpha. Beta =conversion factor

7. 4 possible outcomes of competition of two species
Figure 10-4
4 possible outcomes of competition of two species

8. Fish: zooplankton or oxygen Plant: nitrogen or light
Figure 10-5
Tilman’s model:
Fish: zooplankton or oxygen
Plant: nitrogen or light

9. 1.One species win, another extinct 2. Some coexist
Figure 10-6
1.One species win, another extinct
2. Some coexist

10. Competition in Experimental laboratory population
Figure 10-7
Competition in Experimental laboratory population
Yeast
Gause (1932) Moscow Univ.
Ethyl alcohol

11. Figure 10-8

12. Saccharomyces Saccharomyces Saccharomyces + Schizosaccharomyces
Figure 10-9
Saccharomyces
Saccharomyces
Saccharomyces + Schizosaccharomyces

13. Schizosaccharomyces Schizosaccharomyces
Figure 10-10
Schizosaccharomyces
Schizosaccharomyces
Schizosaccharomyces +Saccharomyces

14. Figure 10-11
29.1 oC, 14 % moisture

15. Figure 10-12
32.3 oC, 14 % moisture

16. Figure 10-13

17. Figure 10-14
MacArther (1958)

19. Figure 10-15
Replacement series

20. of the competing species
Figure 10-16
Replacement series for plant competition: yield decline in the presence
of the competing species

21. Figure
Shading by shrub lower ambient temp and improve water availability to animal
Plant-plant interaction is not always negative.

22. MacArthur and Wilson (1967): r selection , K selection
Figure 10-17
MacArthur and Wilson (1967): r selection , K selection

23. Effect size: plant and carnivores –small effect (frog or toads)
Figure 10-18
93 species
Effect size: plant and carnivores –small effect
(frog or toads)

24. Figure 10-19
>2-300 km
<100 km

25. Grime’s triangle model of plant life history strategies
Figure 10-20
Grime’s triangle model of plant life
history strategies
C, S, R (Disturbance)

26. Figure 10-22

27. Figure 10-23
Darwin’s finch
Alone

28. Character Displacement of body size in the
Figure 10-24
Character Displacement of body size in the
Three carnivorous marsupials in Tasmania

29. Solid line: direct interaction, dotted line: indirect
Figure 10-25
Solid line: direct interaction, dotted line: indirect

30. Common predator Apparent competition If rabbit abundance increase -
Predator increase
Eat more pheasants