1. ELEC-E8423 - Smart Grid Modelling of Electric Vehicle Charging Load
Elias Koivulehto
Soh Wei Siang Jonathan

2. Introduction General Info on EVs Motivations for EV Charging
Models for EV Charging Load

3. General Info on EVs
EVs engine is powered by electricity from an on-board battery
Three levels of charging:
Level 1: Slow charging, charging generally takes from hours using 120V outlet to fully charge a fully depleted battery
Level 2: Charging can speed up ten times compared to level 1 and decrease the charging times down to 3-8 hour
Level 3: Fast Charging takes down the charging times to minutes using high levels of voltage and current

4. Motivations for EV Charging
Cost savings
Subsidies provided by government
Huge mileage savings as compared to fuel
Environmentally friendly
Positive reduction of petroleum consumption and greenhouse gas emissions
Less dependence on renewable energy which can be volatile

5. Stochastic modelling of the charging loads

6. Model 1: Statistical model
Random variables:
-The time of switching on an individual charger.
-Initial state-of-charge (SOC) of the EV battery.
Distributions needed?

7. Battery charging characteristics

8. Model 1 structure

9. Model 1 results

10. Model 2: probabilistic model
Factors taken into account in the model:

11. Model 2: household load formulation

12. State transition model and simulation

13. Conclusions
EV can provide greater cost and energy savings in the long run
More subsidies and charging stations can be set up to encourage consumers to switch to EV in Finland
EV charging load can be modelled stochastically, using information of charging characteristics, driving habits and times and state-of-charge distribution of the vehicles.

14. Sources