1. Figure 2 Lipid metabolism and metabolism-disrupting chemicals.
Figure 2 | Lipid metabolism and metabolism-disrupting chemicals. In β cells, metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs) might decrease or increase insulin production, which affects hepatic lipogenesis following the upregulation or downregulation of levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 isoform C (SREBP1C) and subsequently those of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1). MDCs might have a direct impact on the liver by affecting the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) or by directly regulating the expression of lipogenic enzymes. If lipogenesis is increased, lipids accumulate in the liver and are transported through the blood to adipocytes where they are captured and stored. Alterations in insulin signalling affect lipogenesis in adipocytes, and MDCs directly alter lipogenesis and adipogenesis in white adipose tissue. The disrupted function of adipocytes is manifested by alterations in leptin and adiponectin signalling, as well as disturbed IL-6, IL-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) secretion. These alterations increase the probability of developing metabolic disorders. FABP, fatty acid-binding protein; FAT, fatty acid translocase; FATP, fatty acid transport protein; GLUT2, glucose transporter type 2, liver; G6P, glucose-6-phosphate; Glycerol-3P, glycerol 3-phosphate; IR, insulin receptor; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; TCA, tricarboxylic acid; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein. Permission obtained from Cristina Sala-Ripoll, Alicante, Spain.
Nadal, A. et al. (2017) Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the regulation of energy balance
Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. doi: /nrendo