1. What it takes to be an animal
Multicellular
Heterotrophic
Mobile
Diploidy
Sexually reproduce
Absence of cell wall
Tissues
Blastula formation

2. Invertebrates vs. Vertebrates
Invertebrate are animals that don’t have a back bone.
Vertebrates are animals with a back bone

3. Symmetry Asymetrical- having no identical halves.
Bi-lateral- having two identical halves
Radial- infinite halves through a center point

4. Body Cavities Acoelomate- no body cavity.
Pseudoceolomate- body tube but a false cavity.
Coelomate- Fluid filled true cavity

5. Embryo germ layers
Ectoderm- outer layer which includes skin, nerves and sensory organs
Mesoderm- middle layer including the muscles, bones, and blood vessels
Endoderm- inner layer including digestive tract and respiratory system

6. Segmentation
Repeating body segments that help aide in flexibility and more advanced motion.
They work independently but still are connected to other segments for circulation.

7. Sides of an organisms Dorsal- top Ventral- bottom Anterior- front
Posterior- back

8. Specialization
Cells that have one specific job in order to perform that job at a very successful rate and efficiency.
Example- Neuron

9. Differentiation
Cells become different during development and become programmed to perform a certain task for the organism or organ system.

10. Reproduction/Fertilization
Asexual- 1 (identical)
Sexual- 2 (genetic variation)
Internal Fertilization- sperm and egg unite inside the body
External Fertilization

11. Complexity Cells Tissues Organs Organs systems
Example- lung cells, lung tissue, lung, respiratory system

12. Complete vs. Incomplete Development
Complete- Organism is in its’ full form and will grow and mature throughout life
Incomplete- Organism is in a larvae form and will go through another transformation to become an adult

13. Body systems Skeletal Muscular Digestive Respiratory Circulatory
Nervous
Excretory
Integument

14. Skeletal system
Gives support to an organisms’ body which allowed organisms to become larger in size
Protects vital organs
Aides in movement

15. Types of skeletons
Endoskeleton- which is one like ours that is within the body of the organism.
Exoskeleton- which is like a crab that covers the body of an organism and must grow to allow the organism to grow(molt)

16. Hydrostatic Skeleton
Fluid filled gastro-vascular cavity or coelom that is much like a water filled balloon.
Pressure applied to the cavity causes a shape change and the contraction to the cavity aides in movement

17. Muscular System Main system to help with movement.
Also the tissue to drive organs like the heart, diaphragm, or digestive system
Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.

18. Digestive system Gastro-vascular cavity to dissolve organisms
Simple tube to allow for food to pass through entire body
System broken up into parts for specific breaking down or absorbing food

19. Respiratory system
System that allows gas exchange between the organism and the outside environment
Diffusion/Lungs/Gills

20. Circulatory system
System used to transport nutrients and waste throughout the body of organisms.
Diffusion, small tubes, heart pumping ones for larger organisms

21. Nervous System Used to communicate with the external environment.
Simple nerve nets to respond to stimuli or organized systems with ganglia, ganglion, or brain to control system.

22. Excretory System
Used to rid the body of metabolic waste created during cellular respiration/metabolism
Larger organisms produce a lot and need organs like the kidney, while smaller ones can diffuse out of their skin

23. Integument System Skin, hair, etc.
Used as a barrier between the inside of the organism and the external environment.

24. Reproduction Sexual-Genetic variations due to the partnership
Asexual-identical offspring from one parent
Hermaphrodite-possess both reproductive organs

25. Fertilization
Gamete cells (sperm and egg) may be fertilized within the body of an organism or outside the body of an organism.
Internal/External Fertilization
Exposed cells can be eaten as well as eggs fertilized.
More offspring can be produced if they don’t have to be carried.
Success rate is probably higher for survival for internal