1. Organic Chemistry
Department of Biology, WCU

2. Organic chemistry Compounds containing carbon Groupings Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic acids

3. Carbohydrates Sugars and starches C:H:O, 1:2:1 ratio
Types of saccharides
Function as energy

4. Monosaccharides Chain or ring with 3 - 7 carbons Formula CH2O
Glucose (hexose), ribose (pentose)

5. Monosaccharides Isomers Chemical properties
Fructose and galactose = glucose

6. Disaccharides Monosaccharide disaccharide Disaccharide monosaccharide
digestion

7. Polysaccharides Chains of sugars Important polysaccharides
Starch stored by plants
Glycogen stored by animals (liver, skeletal muscle)

8. Proteins 10 - 30% cell mass Enzymes Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
Amino acids
Amine group (NH2)
Acid group (COOH)

9. Proteins
Polypeptides
Peptide bond
Acid - amine group

10. Proteins
Structure
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

11. Proteins
Enzymes- biological catalysts

12. Lipids Characteristics Insoluble in water Soluble in lipid/solvents
C, H, O
Less O than carbohydrates

13. Lipid groups
1. Neutral fats
triglycerides (3 fatty acids: 1 glycerol)

14. Lipid groups 1. Neutral fats Saturated (single covalent bond)
Unsaturated (double covalent bond)

15. Lipid groups 2. Phospholipids Phosphorous plus 2 fatty acid chains
Polar head, non-polar tail
Plasma membrane

16. Lipid groups 3. Steroids 4 hydrocarbon rings Fat soluble, little O
Cholesterol (vitamin D, bile salts)
Sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone)

17. Nucleic acids DNA RNA C,H,O,N & P Nuceotide Phosphate Sugar
Nitrogenous base

18. Nucleic acids
Deoxyribonucleic acid

19. RNA and DNA