1. Foreign Policy
Public Policy

2. How does the government interact with other governments?
Public Policy
intro
How does the government interact with other governments?

3. Foreign Policy
Public Policy

4. Foreign Policy Who Has Power? Foreign Policy
Can be diplomatic, military, or economic
It may be a country acting to defend
itself from an outside threat
It may be a country pursuing its own self interest in the international arena.
In the United States, foreign policy is only dealt with at the federal level

5. Foreign Policy Who Has Power? Legislative Branch
Control over going to war.
They “declare war”
Has the responsibility to build and maintain an army and navy
Congress controls foreign trade
Has some control over diplomats – like the Secretary of State & Ambassadors
Controls the funding!!

6. Foreign Policy Who Has Power? Executive Branch Controls “war making”
They are commander in chief
Has the power to negotiate treaties or executive agreements
Selects the key diplomats: Secretary of State & ambassadors
Has the power to grant diplomatic recognition to a government

7. Foreign Policy Who Has Power? Executive Branch
Is responsible for running the main foreign policy bodies in the US
State Department
Department of Defense
National Security Council
Central Intelligence Agency
National Economic Council

8. Decision Makers
Public Policy

9. Foreign Policy Domestic State Department
The State Dept handles diplomacy for the president. It’s in charge of foreign policy
It was the first Cabinet Department
It handles the US’s non- military relations with other countries
Communicates the position of the US on issues to the larger global community
It operates US Embassies in other countries

10. Foreign Policy Domestic Secretary of State
The Secretary of State is the president’s chief foreign policy advisor
They’re nominated by POTUS & confirmed by the Senate
They do most of the negotiations in place of the president. They handle high level negotiations with other countries
Deals with US citizens & immigration policy abroad.
Fourth in line for the presidency in the line of presidential succession

11. Foreign Policy Domestic Secretary of State: Who You Should Know
The current Secretary of State is Rex Tillerson
He was the CEO of Exxon before he was nominated by Trump
He is most notable for letting many of the important offices in State Dept remain vacant through Trump’s presidency

12. Foreign Policy Domestic Secretary of State: Who You Should Know
Obama had a different Secretary of State in each term.
Hillary Clinton was the Secretary of State for Obama’s first term
John Kerry became Secretary of State for Obama’s second term.

13. Foreign Policy Domestic Secretary of State: Who You Should Know
George W. Bush had a different Secretary of State in each term.
Colin Powell was the Secretary of State for Bush’s first term
Condoleezza Rice became Secretary of State for Bush’s second term.
They were the first African Americans to serve in this position

14. Foreign Policy Domestic Secretary of State: Who You Should Know
Madeline Albright was the first woman to serve as Secretary of State
She was Bill Clinton’s Secretary of State in his second term

15. Foreign Policy Domestic Secretary of State: Who You Should Know
Henry Kissinger served as Secretary of State for both Nixon and Ford
He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating cease fire in Vietnam
He was responsible for much the détente period policies of the Cold War
He was an effective Secretary of State, but also considered by some to be a war criminal

16. It is responsible for usually about 20% of the federal budget
Foreign Policy
Domestic
Department of Defense
The Department of Defense was created in 1949 by combining the Dept of Army and Dept of Navy
It is mostly based in “The Pentagon” outside of DC which was build in the 1940s to house the departments
It is the largest Cabinet Department – in terms of numbers of employees
It is responsible for usually about 20% of the federal budget

17. Foreign Policy Domestic Secretary of Defense
The Secretary of Defense is the president’s chief civilian military advisor
They are supposed to be at least 7 years away from active military duty
Congress can waive this requirement
(They have for Sec of Defense Mattis)
They are nominated by POTUS and confirmed by the Senate
They are second only to the president in terms of control over the military

18. Foreign Policy Domestic Joint Chiefs of Staff
Made up of the heads of the four branches of the military
(Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines)
They advise the president on military policy
As a group, they have no operational command, they are strictly advisors
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is officially the president’s main military advisor

19. Foreign Policy Domestic National Security Council
Coordinates national defense and foreign policy
The president can decide who is on this council but it usually includes:
VP, Sec of State, Sec of Defense, Chairman of JCS, Director of National Intelligence, CIA Director, FBI Director, Sec of Treasury, Sec of Energy, head of OMB
The National Security Advisor is the head of the council and is appointed by POTUS and confirmed by the Senate

20. International Bodies
Public Policy

21. Foreign Policy International United Nations
Made up of 193 member nations
It’s members agree to renounce war and respect human rights and economic freedoms
Funded by volunteer contributions
from its member states
The US contributes the max which is 22% of its budget
Housed in NYC, the land it is on is international territory

22. Foreign Policy International United Nations: General Assembly
Made up of all 193 member nations
Each country gets 1 vote in the UNGA
Actions of the UNGA are not legally binding
UNGA resolutions can represent an international consensus or legitimacy on a matter of global importance

23. Foreign Policy International United Nations: Security Council
Made up of all 15 member nations – 10 that rotate and 5 that are permanent
The permanent members are USA, United Kingdom, France, Russia, and China
Each permanent member has veto power over any decision
They make decisions that can be enforced, like deciding when to use
UN peacekeeping forces

24. Foreign Policy International NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Created to serve as a multinational military force
Based on collective defense – war against one member nation is war against all member nations
Formed to initially counter Soviet aggression & its Warsaw Pact alliance
It includes: US, Canada, Most of Western Europe, Turkey – Clinton expanded membership to much of Eastern Europe

25. Foreign Policy International IMF: International Monetary Fund
Provides economic advice and temporary funds to nations with economic difficulties
Lends money to struggling economies with the conditions that the economies adopt suggested economic reforms
Usually that means loaning money in exchange for opening markets
(reducing tariffs)
It also works to stabilize exchange rates

26. Foreign Policy International World Bank
Lends money to poor and developing nations
Makes loans for economic development projects that are expected to produce enough returns in order to pay back the loans
It promotes more foreign investment in poorer countries

27. Foreign Policy International G-8 (or G-7)
A governmental forum of the leading advanced economies in the world
Made up of US, UK, Japan, France, Italy, Germany, Canada, and Russia
(Russia got kicked out after actions to invade Crimea in 2014)
It holds annual meetings of at least the ministers of finance of the member countries – often the leaders too
It’s not entirely economic, they often tackle a range of economic related issues – terrorism, human trafficking, piracy

28. Foreign Policy International NGOs: Non Governmental Organizations
Actors that impact international affairs but do not represent a state
EX: Al-Qaeda, Boko Haram, Red Cross
MNCs: Multi National Corporations
Economic actors that impact international affairs and agreements between many countries

29. Bigly Ideas
Public Policy

30. Legislative Vs Executive
Public Policy
Wrap Up
Legislative Vs Executive
Role of State Dept
Role of Dept of Defense
International Bodies
Focus on these things: