1. Warm Up – January 8
Answer the following questions on a sheet of paper:
1. Term given to the conflict between the US and USSR between in which neither nation directly confronted the other on a battlefield
2. What were the two conflicting political ideologies of the United States and Soviet Union during the Cold War?
3. What is self-determination? How did this show that goals of the U.S. and USSR were different during the Cold War?
4. What was the name of the strategy used by the United States in regards to communism during the Cold War?

2. Quizizz Codes 1st Half of World History - 813787
2nd Half of World History

3. The Cold War Escalates and the Korean War

4. Truman Doctrine
US and Britain need to prevent communism in Greece and Turkey, but Britain broke  US takes charge
March 1947, Truman and Congress allocated $400M in economic and military aid to Turkey and Greece
“It must be the policy of the US to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside aggressors.”  Truman Doctrine – policy of providing aid to free nations threatened by internal/external opponents

5. Marshall Plan
European countries in postwar devastation and may look to Stalin for help…
1947, Sec. of State George Marshall  Marshall Plan
US provides aid to all European countries that need it
“not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos.” – Marshall
Revived Europe, by 1952…
16 countries received $13B in aid
Western Europe flourishing, preventing spread of Communism

6. Conflict Over Germany 1948 – 4 sections combined into 2
West Germany (and West Berlin) – US, Britain, France
East Germany (and East Berlin) – USSR
Stalin closed rail access to West Berlin  no food or fuel, enough to last 5 weeks
Berlin Airlift – 327 day operation in which US and British planes flew food and supplies to West Berlin after the Soviet blockade in
277,000 flights
2.3 million tons of supplies

7. NATO Alliance vs. Warsaw Pact
1949
West Germany Federal Republic of Germany (included West Berlin)
East Germany  German Democratic Republic, USSR controlled (included East Berlin)
April 4, 1949 – North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) formed
Belgium, Denmark, France, Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, US, and Canada (later Greece, Turkey, and West Germany)
Pledged military support to each other in the event of an attack
First time in history the US entered a military alliance during peacetime  No more US isolationism!
1955 – Warsaw Pact – military alliance between USSR and 7 eastern European nations

8. China: Nationalists vs. Communists
Chiang Kai-shek – Nationalist (almost totalitarian) leader of China
Favored in southern and eastern China
Supported by US
$3B in US aid
Some American officials viewed Chiang as inefficient and corrupt
Mao Zedong – head of Communist Party and Red Army
Favored in northern china
Relied on USSR aid
Attracted peasants through promising land reform, literacy education, and more food production
By 1945, much of northern China under communist control

9. Civil War in China
After WWII (Japan no longer a threat), Nationalists and Communists no longer cooperate
, US supported Nationalists ($, not troops)
May 1949 – Chiang and supporters fled to Taiwan
“Formosa” to Westerners
Communists established People’s Republic of China (PRD)  US refused to recognize gov’t

10. Korea 1910 – Japan annexed Korea August 1945
Japanese north of 38th parallel surrendered to USSR
Japanese south of the 38th parallel surrendered to US
Post-war Korea was divided in half along the 38th parallel (like Germany)

11. Korea North of 38th Parallel South of 38th Parallel Soviet control
Communist
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea)
Kim Il Sung
Capital - Pyongyang
American control
Democratic
Republic of Korea (South Korea)
Syngman Rhee
Capital - Seoul
June 1949 – only 500 American troops in South Korea
Soviets believed US would not fight to defend South Korea
Soviets backed North Korea with tanks, airplanes, and money to take over entire peninsula

12. The Korean War June 25, 1950 – NK launched surprise attack on SK
Korean War , conflict between NK and SK, US and UN nations supported SK, China supported NK
South Korea petitioned the UN for help  vote passed to help SK
USSR not present due to their UN boycott – angry due to UN acknowledgment of Chinese Nationalists in Taiwan
Soviets could not veto UN’s resolution

13. The Korean War June 27, 1950 US troops in Japan reported to SK
16 nations (including US) sent 520,000 troops + 590,000 SK troops
SK All troops under command of General Douglas MacArthur (WWII hero)

14. MacArthur vs. Truman McArthur – WAR WITH CHINA!
Wants to prevent Chinese support of North Korea
Spoke with newspaper and magazine publishers… even Republican leaders
Truman – ABSOLUTELY NOT!
Despite warnings from superiors, McArthur continued to undermine and criticize Truman  April 11, 1951 – Truman fired MacArthur
Initially, most Americans shocked, supported MacArthur (WWII hero!)
After a while, public opinion swayed and Americans realized Truman’s case for limiting the war was a logical and smart move.

15. Truce
Long, bloody stalemate  June 23, 1951 – USSR suggested a cease-fire, truce talks followed
Location of the cease-fire line to be at the existing battle line
Establishment of a demilitarized zone (area without military activities) between NK and SK
Agreement did not fully please Truman
Korea still two separate nations (US = )
Communism contained without using atomic weapons (US = )

16. Post-Korean War Korean War Impact 54,000 US lives lost $67B
Increased fear of domestic communist aggression and influence
High cost and low reward result of Korean War turned many Americans away from the Democratic Party

17. TOD – January 8
Answer the following questions on the same sheet of paper as the warm up:
What was the Truman Doctrine? What was the Marshall Plan? What did the United States hope to achieve by passing both of these acts?
How was Germany divided after World War II? How did this go against the compromise reached at the Yalta Conference?
What countries were given control of East Germany and East Berlin?
What countries were given control of West Germany and West Berlin?
What did the Soviets do to stop supplies going from East Berlin to West Berlin? How did the United States get supplies to the people in West Berlin?
What two alliances were formed following World War II and at the beginning of the Cold War?
How was Korea divided following World War II? What kind of government was in the North? What kind of government was in the South?
What countries supported North Korea? What countries supported South Korea? What was the result of the conflict in Korea?