1. Chapter 12
Solutions

2. Solutions
______________: a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase.
__________: capable of being dissolved.
___________: the dissolving medium in a solution.
_________: the substance dissolved in a solution.
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3. Examples of Solutions ______ ________ __________ Gas Gas Air
______ ________ __________
Gas Gas Air
Gas Liquid Soda
Liquid Liquid Antifreeze
Solid Liquid Ocean
Gas Solid Charcoal Filter
Liquid Solid Dental Fillings
Solid Solid Sterling Silver
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4. Types of Solutions
_______________: a solution in which the __________ are so large that they ______ ________ unless the solution is constantly ____________ or agitated.
___________: particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and suspensions form colloid dispersions.
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5. Types of Colloids
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6. Solutions, Colloids and Suspensions
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7. Solutions
_______________: when light is scattered by colloidal particles dispersed in a transparent medium.
______________: a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current.
_______________: a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct electricity.
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8. Factors Affecting the Rate of Dissolution
The Solution Process
Factors Affecting the Rate of Dissolution
__________ the surface ____ of the solute.
___________ a solution
___________ a solvent.
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9. Solubility
_____________________: the physical state in which the opposing processes of __________ and _________________ of a solute occur at equal rates.
_____________________: a solution that contains the __________ amount of dissolved ________.
__________________: a solution that contains __________ than the maximum amount of dissolved solute.
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10. Solubility
_____________________: a solution that contains ________ dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same conditions.
______________: the amount of a substance required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of solvent at a specific temperature.
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11. Solute-Solvent Interactions
Dissolving Ionic Compounds in Aqueous solution:
___________: the strong affinity of _______________ for particles of dissolved or suspended substances that cause ________________ dissolution.
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12. Solute-Solvent Interactions
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13. Solute-Solvent Interactions
Nonpolar Solvents: __________________, polar/ionic and nonpolar/covalent.
Liquid solutes and solvents:
_____________: liquids that are not soluble in each other. (oil and water)
__________: liquids that dissolve freely in one another in any proportion. (alcohol and water)
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14. ____________________
Solubility
____________________
______________: the solubility of a gas is _______________ to the partial pressure of that gas on the surface of the liquid.
__________________: the rapid escape of a gas from a liquid in which it is dissolved.
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15. Solubility vs. Temp.
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16. Solubility vs. Temp.
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17. Solubility
______________: a solute particle that is surrounded by solvent molecules.
________________: the net amount of energy ______________ by the solution when a specific amount of solute dissolves in a solvent.
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18. Concentration of Solutions
Concentration: a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution.
__________: the number of _______ of solute in _________ of solution. (M) moles/liter
Ex. What is the molarity of a solution in which 12.0 g of NaCl is dissolved in 250ml of water?
12.0g x 1.0 mol = mol NaCl ÷ 0.25L = 0.82 M
58.44 g NaCl
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19. Practice
You have 0.8 L of a 0.5 M HCl solution, how many moles of HCl does this solution contain?
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20. Concentration of Solutions
_________: the concentration of a solution expressed in ______ of solute per ________ of solvent. (m)
Ex. A solution was prepared by dissolving 17.1g of NaCl in 125 g of water. What is the molality of the solution?
17.1 g x 1 mol NaCl = mol ÷ _____ kg =
58.44 g m
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21. Chapter 12
The
End!