1. Platzer, H.: "A criterion-referenced approach to the VLT."
Validated test instrument: Vocabulary levels test (VLT)
Suite of five 30-item MC vocabulary tests
Word levels: 2k, 3k, 5k, 10k, AWL
Versions A, B
Traditional versions published in: Nation (2001); Schmitt, Schmitt & Clapham (2001)
Sample
n=320
New, updated versions: VLT inflation?
McLean & Kramer (2015)
Peters, Velghe & van Rompaey (2015)
Web, Sasao & Ballance (2017)

2. 1. NR vs CR consistency of VLT
a. Norm-referenced reliability estimates of VLT
Cronbach's alpha mostly >0.9
b. Criterion-referenced consistency estimates of VLT (Version B)
Word levels
Phi lambda
Kappa squared
2000 WL
0.83
0.85
3000 WL
0.80
0.88
AWL

3. 2. Relationship of VLT scores and CEFR bands
B2, C1/2 
3000 WL
AWL
2000 WL 
A1/2, B1

4. Correlated test scores
3. Investigating potential gender bias
H1: rS male (QPT, 2000 WL) = rS female (QPT, 2000 WL)
H2: rS male (QPT, 3000 WL) = rS female (QPT, 3000 WL)
H3: rS male (QPT, AWL) = rS female (QPT, AWL)
Correlated test scores
Male (n = 106)
Female (n = 190)
ZDifference p rS zr
H1: QPT, 2000 WL
0.417
0.444
0.437
0.469
-0.199
0.841
H2: QPT, 3000 WL
0.590
0.678
0.551
0.620
0.471
0.638
H3: QPT, AWL
0.477
0.519
0.512
0.565
-0.378
0.704