1. Connective Tissue
Department of Biology, WCU

2. Introduction Location Functions everywhere (skin, blood, bone, muscle)
Bind and support (tendon)
Protection (bone, cartilage)
Insulation (fat)
Transport body fluids (blood)

3. Introduction Characteristics 1. Common origin (mesenchyme)
2. Vascularization
3. Extracellular matrix

4. Structure 1. Ground substance 2. Fibers 3. Cells
amorphous (interstitial fluid and protein)
2. Fibers
collagen
elastic
reticular
3. Cells
defense

5. Types of connective tissue
1. Embryonic
mesoderm

6. Types of Connective Tissue

7. 2. Connective tissue proper
1. Loose connective tissue
A. Areolar connective tissue
fluid filled spaces
nutrients and waste

8. 2. Connective tissue proper
B. Adipose tissue
oil droplets
nutrient storage
insulation

9. 2. Connective tissue proper
C. Reticular connective tissue
similar to areolar connective tissue
supports free red blood cells

10. 2. Connective tissue proper
2. Dense connective tissue
A. Regular
unidirectional force
tendons (muscle - bone, aponeurosis)

11. 2. Connective tissue proper
B. Irregular
multidirectional force
skin, shoulder joint

12. 2. Connective tissue proper
B. Elastic
Recoil after stretching (lungs, aorta)
Pulsatile flow (blood vessels)

13. 3. Cartilage Characteristics Common features Tough yet flexible
Avascular (perichondrium)
Void of nerves
Fluid matrix (costal region)
Common features
chondrocytes, lacunae

14. Types of cartilage 1. Hyaline abundant long bones embryonic skeleton
epiphyseal plates

15. Types of cartilage
2. Elastic
pinna, epiglottis

16. Types of cartilage 3. Fibrocartilage rows of chondrocytes and collagen
compression (discs)

17. Bone Living substance 1. Macroscopic structure epiphysis diaphysis
epiphyseal line

18. Bone 1. Macroscopic structure Compact Spongy Articular cartilage
Medulla

19. Bone
1. Macroscopic structure
periosteum
endosteum
Sharpey’s fibers

20. Bone 2. Microscopic structure Haversian canals osteocytes lacunae
canaliculi

21. Bone
2. Microscopic structure
osteoblasts
Osteoclasts

22. Bone development
Osteogenesis

23. Bone development 1. Intramembranous ossification mesenchyme woven bone
lamellar bone
flat bones

24. Bone development 2. Endochondrial ossification hyaline cartilage
primary ossification center
bone collar formation
chondrocytes calcify
periosteal bud

25. Bone development 2. Endochondrial ossification medullary cavity
secondary ossification center

26. Bone growth
Zone of deposition
Zone of calcification
Zone of erosion