1. DNA

2. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
chemical code
a master copy of instructions for cell structure and function
agenda
blueprints
owner’s manual

3. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
chemical code
gives you your characteristics
- traits like hair color, eye color, height, heartbeat, hearing, personality, talents

4. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
chemical code
organic compound
contains carbon
nucleic acid

5. structure (what it looks like)
three dimensional
double helix
spiral staircase
twisted ladder

6. structure
sides or “handrails” are made of sugars and phosphates
‘ribo’ is for ribose, a sugar

7. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
structure
cross pieces, “rungs” or “steps” are made of nitrogen base pairs
same two bases always pair
adenine, thymine (A, T)
cytosine, guanine (C, G)

8. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
discovery/history
1950’s
x-rayed by Rosalind Franklin
Rosalind Franklin
DNA X-ray

9. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
discovery/history
1950’s -1960’s
Maurice Wilkins gives Franklin’s x-rays to Watson and Crick
Francis Crick and James Watson make a model of DNA

10. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
discovery/history
1960’s
Franklin dies of cancer
Wilkins, Watson, and Crick share a Nobel Prize for the model

11. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
DNA Model
Wilkins
Watson and Crick
DNA Model Sketch

12. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
DNA replication
copying happens in interphase
Watson and Crick also modeled this

13. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
DNA replication
enzymes break apart the bases
RNA collects extra bases from the cytoplasm

14. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
DNA replication
the extra bases pair with the broken DNA strands
new handrails form from sugars and phosphates

15. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
DNA replication
two new strands have been created

16. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
Mutation
damaged chromosomes (strands of DNA)
deleted/inserted base pairs

17. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
Mutation
- mistakes in the DNA
example: albinism