1. Unit Essential Question:
Citizens and the Law
Unit Essential Question:
How do the different types of law with the United States impact the lives of citizens?

2. UNIT 5
Citizens and the Law
What types of Law are there? Civil Criminal Military Juvenile Constitutional

3. What is criminal law about?
UNIT 5
Citizens and the Law
What is criminal law about?
A crime that has been committed (Ex: Burglary)
What are the two types of crimes?
Misdemeanor
less serious crime (trespassing)
Pay small fine or serve up to 1 year
Felony
more serious crime (homicide)
Serve 1 year to life, possible death sentence

4. A dispute between two people What types of civil cases are there?
UNIT 5
Citizens and the Law
What is civil law about?
A dispute between two people
What types of civil cases are there?
Contract
broken written or unwritten agreement
Ex: you sell someone an item but they never pay you
Personal Injury
actions by one party cause injury to the other party
Ex: Car accident caused by car manufacturers negligence
Property
Disputes about land and property
Ex: Renter sues landlord to properly maintain house
Family
Cases involving family relationships
Ex: child support, adoption, child custody, inheritance

5. What is military law about?
UNIT 5
Citizens and the Law
What is military law about?
Rules that only apply to people in the armed forces
Ex: insubordination
What is Juvenile law about?
Laws that only apply to kids
Ex: a minor commits crime
What is Constitutional Law about?
A case about a constitutional issue
Ex: Free speech rights

6. UNIT 5
Citizens and the Law
Who are the parties in a Criminal case? Government (Prosecution) v. Accused Criminal (Defendant) Who are the parties in a Civil Case? Person/ group/ company (Plaintiff) Person/ group/ company (defendant)

7. Let’s Review UNIT 5 Citizens and the Law
Is this Civil, Criminal, Military, Juvenile, or Constitutional Law? Or is it more than one? Sergeant Miller is court-martialed for insubordination. Military Sarah Jones goes to court to stand trial for armed robbery. Criminal Bob Smith sues a department store for unsafe conditions that cause him to slip and fall. Civil 14 year old Sam is arrested for shoplifting. Juvenile and Criminal The Board of Education of the City of Topeka, Kansas was sued by African American families for using segregation in public schools. Civil and Constitutional

8. What are the characteristics of a jury? Made up of random citizens
UNIT 5
Citizens and the Law
What are the characteristics of a jury?
Made up of random citizens
Summoned by the court
Unanimous decision
Usually 12 members
Impartial- don’t know either party
Decide based on the facts only

9. Civil Case Procedure Plaintiff files complaint
UNIT 5
Citizens and the Law
Civil Case Procedure
Plaintiff files complaint
Summons sent to defendant
Defendant answers summons
Discovery: Both sides exchange documents and evidence
Trial: Both sides argue case in court
Judge or jury decides verdict
Loser can appeal

10. Criminal Felony Case Procedure
UNIT 5
Citizens and the Law
Criminal Felony Case Procedure
Arrest and Booking
Preliminary Hearing- set bail, appoint attorney
Indictment Hearing- formally charge suspect with crime
Arraignment Hearing
Plead not guilty- trial is set
Plead guilty- accept plea bargain
Trial- both sides present case, judge/jury reaches verdict
Verdict
Acquittal: not guilty, go free
Sentencing: guilty, judge sentences
7. Only Defendant can Appeal

11. UNIT 5
Citizens and the Law
Let’s Review
Put the following hearings of a felony case in order: Arraignment, Indictment, Preliminary, Trial Preliminary- get your attorney, maybe post bail Indictment- get officially charged with a crime Arraignment- choose to plead guilty or not guilty Trial- Judge and jury hear both sides of the case

12. UNIT 5
Citizens and the Law
Let’s Review
What does a defendant have to do when they get a summons in a Civil case? Answer it or appear in court Who can appeal in a Civil Case? Either side Who can appeal in a Criminal Case? Only the defendant One of the goals of the Preamble is “establish justice”. How does a jury of your peers help accomplish this? Impartial trial. Decide on facts only. Not influenced by outside sources. Gives all accused people a fair chance.

13. UNIT 5
Citizens and the Law
The Code of Hammurabi (1772 BC) includes laws focusing on contracts. What type of U.S. law is based on the Code of Hammurabi?
civil
constitutional
criminal
military

14. The table below lists examples of laws. Category A
UNIT 5
Citizens and the Law
The table below lists examples of laws.
Category A
Assault, Murder, Theft
Category B
Adoption, Contract Disputes, Personal Injury
Category C
Abandonment of post, Conduct unbecoming of an officer, Mutiny
Category D
Discrimination, Eminent domain, Treason
Which list represents military law?

15. Which situation would most likely lead to a civil case?
UNIT 5
Citizens and the Law
Which situation would most likely lead to a civil case?
A person robs another person at gunpoint.
A person is caught breaking into a house.
A person breaks a leg at a friend’s house.
A person fails to stop at a red light.

16. Source: Adapted from the U.S. Department of Justice
UNIT 5
Citizens and the Law
The graph below illustrates juvenile arrest rates for motor vehicle theft.
Source: Adapted from the U.S. Department of Justice
Which type of law is illustrated the graph?
civil
constitutional
criminal
military