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Introduction to VLSI Programming High Performance DLX
(course 2IN30) Prof. dr. ir.Kees van Berkel
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Demonstrator ICs 4/14/2019 Kees van Berkel
ImageNet IC: 2 weeks from start to tape-out all first-time-right, except: Mozart: (aC) 4/14/2019 Kees van Berkel
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Added value 1985: modularity, ease of design (no value added to product!) 1990: low power (ESPRIT project ) 1992: low noise, low EME (Electro-Magnetic Emission) 2000: ... 4/14/2019 Kees van Berkel
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Added value: low power DCC Error Corrector
4/14/2019 Kees van Berkel
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A sync-async “arms race”
4/14/2019 Kees van Berkel
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Synchronous 80C51 - Asynchronous 80C51
Added value: Low Power Synchronous 80C Asynchronous 80C51 4/14/2019 Kees van Berkel
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Added value: Low EM Emission
4/14/2019 Kees van Berkel
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Roadblock: circuit size the 80C51 learning curve
1995/6 1999/4 4/14/2019 Kees van Berkel
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“Just in time” processing
Asynchronous DSP circuit fifo DC/DC in out Vdd Vdd’ fifo Asynchronous DSP circuit Asynchronous DSP circuit . Asynchronous DSP circuit 4/14/2019 Kees van Berkel
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ADPCM 4/14/2019 Kees van Berkel
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ADPCM 4/14/2019 Kees van Berkel
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ADPCM 4/14/2019 Kees van Berkel
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Industrialization of the Technology
Philips Semiconductors Zürich (1994 Dec): “We want to set a world record in low power, by using asynchronous technology.” Their choice for a vehicle: the 80C51 micro-controller (used in many consumer products). Result: 4× less power, minimal EME. Follow-up: pager baseband ICs, … In parallel: transfer and upgrade of tools + design flow Finally we had a group who, given our low-power claim, wanted to invest x manyears in trying to exploit handshake technology. 4/14/2019 Kees van Berkel
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Pager Baseband Controller ICs
Myna pager: FLEX™ protocol 32 alphanumeric messages a single AAA battery (1V) up to 25 weeks battery life Pager baseband controller ICs: PCA5007, PCA 5010 com/pip/PCA5007 async.html Industrialization is one thing, Commercialization another. 4/14/2019 Kees van Berkel
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1998-Sep: the PCA 5007 4/14/2019 Kees van Berkel
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A new generation of pagers: a common platform for all standards
PCA 5007 Baseband Controller LCD # M Memory Receiver I Q I2C EMI 25V 4/14/2019 Kees van Berkel
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EMI: a critical design factor (Electro-Magnetic Interference)
Antenna signal may be as small as 25V. Clock harmonics of synchronous micro-controllers interfere with RF (X00 MHz). With asynchronous 80C51: signal decoding by means of (standard-specific) software. (This also enables upgrading/downloading!) Furthermore: no shielding is required between controller and RF receiver. Asynchronous technology: excellent EME performance 4/14/2019 Kees van Berkel
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PCA5007 block diagram 4/14/2019 Kees van Berkel
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Contactless smartcard IC (ESPRIT project DESCALE)
Power regulator 80C51 micro-controller DES engine UART RAM, ROM, EEPROM 13.56 MHz clock power (a few mW) bi-directional communication (106 kbit/s) Radio link: 4/14/2019 Kees van Berkel
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Contactless smartcard IC
Properties a) low average power lower peak power speed adaptation Merits Maximum speed for received power (a,c) Robust operation against voltage drops (c) Smaller buffer capacitor (b,c) 4/14/2019 Kees van Berkel
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Conclusion First asynchronous VLSI circuits on the market (high volume sales). Prospects for more async products look good. Added value: low power, EME performance. Added costs: test, IC area, being different. Asynchronous VLSI technology: there is room for it in market niches, … but it may contribute to main-stream VLSI. 4/14/2019 Kees van Berkel
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Bibliography Computer Architecture; a Quantitative Approach (3rd Ed.); John L Hennessy & David A Patterson; Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc, 1996. ARM System Architecture; Steve Furber; Addison Wesley, 1996. DSP Processor Fundamentals, Architectures and Features; Phil Lapsey et al (Berkeley Design Technology Inc.), IEEE, 1996. newscenter/archive/2004/handshake.html 4/14/2019 Kees van Berkel
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Lab-work and report You are allowed to team up with a colleague (Not mandatory.) Report: more than listing of functional Tangram programs: analyze the specifications and requirements; present design options, alternatives, trade-offs; motivate your design choices; explain functional correctness of your Tangram programs; analyze & explain {area, time, energy} of your programs. 4/14/2019 Kees van Berkel
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