1. Rise of the Dictators

2. Unit Objectives
To learn what led to the rise of the dictators (Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin, Franco)
To assess how those leaders were able to take over their countries
To assess the similarities and differences between Fascism and Nazism

3. Benito Mussolini Italy, 1922
Took control of Italy by force (did hold fixed elections)
Promised economic relief and
return to past glory to become
popular with Italian people

4. Fascism (This is an ID):
MILITARISTIC, NATIONALISTIC, STATE-RUN DICTATORSHIP THAT FORCEFULLY SUPRESSED ALL OPPOSITION
Built up Italy’s military in late 1920’s and through the ‘30’s
-EXAMPLE: ITALY INVADED ETHIOPIA

5. Joseph Stalin Soviet Union, 1924
POLITICAL REVOLUTIONARY THAT TOOK OVER
SOVIET UNION AFTER DEATH OF LENIN
HAD BEEN SENT TO SIBERIA SEVERAL TIMES
WAS CRUEL HARSH DICTATOR (THOUSANDS
DIED OR DISAPPEARED)

6. Stalin was not portrayed to the public as being
as bad as Hitler, Mussolini, or leaders of Japan
because he was an Ally

7. Emperor Hirohito, Tojo Japanese Empire, late 1920’s
Japan was tired of being
dependent on others for
natural resources as it
industrialized—very similar
to Great Britain 100 years
before, so it started to build
an empire in the Pacific

8. The Rise of Japan 1931: INVADED MANCHURIA & PREPARED TO INVADE CHINA
1937:
INVADED CHINA—NEVER ABLE TO DEFEAT
CHINA (COMMUNISTS & NATIONALISTS
JOINED FORCES)

9. Rise of Japan 1939: JOINED AXIS POWERS (GERMANY & ITALY) 1941:
LAUNCHED SURPRISE ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR (SAW U.S. AS LAST OBSTACLE TO PACIFIC EMPIRE; U.S. HAD CUT OFF OIL)

10. Adolf Hitler Germany, 1933 1923: HITLER HAD TAKEN OVER LEADERSHIP
OF THE NAZI PARTY AND TRIED TO LEAD
REVOLUTION AGAINST GERMAN
GOVERNMENT—FAILED, SPENT 9 MONTHS
IN JAIL

12. Mein Kampf
BOOK HITLER WROTE WHILE IN JAIL; OUTLINED HITLER’S PLANS FOR EUROPE

13. How Hitler Became Dictator
1933: HITLER WAS APPOINTED CHANCELLOR (PRESIDENT)
HE WAS POPULAR WITH PEOPLE BECAUSE HE PROMISED ECONOMIC RECOVERY, RETURN TO PAST GLORY, AND BLAMED PAST GERMAN GOVERNMENT & JEWS FOR GERMANY’S TROUBLES

14. How Hitler Became Dictator
Reichstag (German government building) burned, Hitler blamed the Communists (really his people), convinced Reichstag (German Congress) to give him emergency dictatorial powers

15. Nazism (This is an ID):
HITLER’S EXTREME VERSION OF FASCISM THAT INCLUDED RACISM (MAINLY AGAINST JEWS)
Genocide: wiping out a race of people
Final Solution: Hitler’s plan to rid Germany and Europe of the Jews

16. Gestapo: Hitler’s secret police force
Stormtroopers: Germany’s elite soldiers; placed in charge of the concentration camps
Brownshirts: German citizens who displayed their loyalty to Hitler by persecuting Jews